Purpose: To study the association between attendance and academic performance of MBBS students belonging to a private medical college in the subject of ophthalmology. Study Design: Cross sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Akhter Saeed Medical and dental college of Lahore, from January 2021 to October 2021. Methods: A total of 152 students were included in study. The attendance record and test records of students in the subject of ophthalmology was retrieved. Both class test and ward tests included Short essay questions and multiple choice questions. Relationship between the attendance and test results was compared by using Pearson Correlation. Results: Among 152 students, 62.5%were females and 37.5% were males. The mean attendance in 3rd year was 55.73 ± 20.44 and in 4th year was 77.25 ± 19.03. During 3rd year MBBS, 80.92% students had attendance below 75% and in 4th year 32.24% had below 75%. Passed students had mean attendance of 56.82% in 3rd year and 78.74% in 4th year. Failed students had mean attendance of 49.27% in 3rd year and 40% in 4th year. Regarding ward test, students who passed their batch test in first attempt had mean attendance of 60.92% and 83.54% in 3rd year and 4th year respectively. Positive relationship between pass candidates in send up exams and ward tests was demonstrated by Pearson Correlation, showing significant results at 0.01. Conclusion: The academic performance of students is directly related with class attendance. The students with better class performance had better percentage of attendance and vice versa. Key Word: Medical students, attendance, academic performance.
Objective: To find out the frequency of physiological skin changes in pregnant females. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 pregnant females presenting in outpatient departments of dermatology & gynaecology, obstetrics at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore were enrolled over a period of 1year from June 2020 till June 2021. All consenting pregnant females were enrolled in this study and pregnant females with pre-existing skin diseases and having specific dermatosis of pregnancy were excluded from this study. Detailed history was taken & their complete physical & dermatological examination was carried out and the findings were noted down in pre-designed performa. Results: Physiological skin changes were observed in all the patients in our study. The agr range of patients in this study was 18-35 years, the mean age being 25.06 years. The most common cutaneous manifestation observed was hyperpigmentation out of which linea nigra was commonest finding present in 92% of patients, hyperpigmentation on various parts of body in 16 %, melasma in 12% of patients and 76% of patients showed vascular changes. Practical Implications: The rationale of this study is to assess the frequency of physiological changes occurring in pregnant females. So that they can be promptly and correctly diagnosed and thus reducing the emotional and financial stress on community. Conclusion: Pregnant females suffer from a variety of physiological skin changes. Awareness & recognition of these changes will help in timely diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Pregnancy, skin physiological changes, hyperpigmentation, melasma, vascular changes
Background Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide after breast cancer. It is one of the most preventable and curable of all cancer. The objective of this study was to screen the women for precancerous cervical changes and to evaluate their associated risk factors. Material and Methods: This is prospective cross-sectional hospital based study conducted in 2 hospitals from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013. Married women aged 20-55 who presented to Gynae OPD after informed consent was included in the study. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, acute pelvic infection, heavy vaginal bleeding and history of hysterectomy. Results: Out of 1,000 women in which pap smear were taken, 240 lost to follow up. Out of 760 patient pap smear were normal in 170 (22.3%) patients. In 547 (71.9%) patients pap smear showed inflammatory changes. Atrophic changes were seen in 13 patients. Patients with positive changes were 14 (1.84%). Out these 8 (1.05%) were showing ASCUS, 2 (0.26%) patients with CIN I, 2 (0.26%) patient with CIN II and 1 (0.13%) with CIN III and 1 patient with squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Pap smear has proven to save lives by early diagnosis. There is definite possibility of primary prevention approach by life style modification through health education about the cervical cancer and its associated risk factors highlighting the importance of increase in the age of marriage, screening program in hospital should be mandatory especially targeting specific age group for detecting precancerous condition before they progress to invasive cancer. The role of vaccine for HPV should be emphasized.
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