Objective: To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli, using an electric toothbrush, on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement during maxillary canine retraction. Methods: A split-mouth study was conducted in 28 subjects (mean age = 20.8 years; ranging from 18 to 24 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine retraction. On the Vibration side, light force (100 g) was applied to the canine for 90 days, in combination with vibratory stimuli provided by an electric toothbrush; only orthodontic force was applied to the canine on the non-vibration side. Amount of canine movement was measured monthly. Related to electronic toothbrush usage, a diary was provided to each patient for recording discomfort during experimental period, having 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The paired t-test was used to assess the differences in amount of tooth movement between canines of the vibration and non-vibration sides. Results: The amount of tooth movement was similar for canines on the vibration side and on the non-vibration side (mean 0.81 ± 0.10 mm and 0.82 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, p> 0.05). Plaque accumulation was minimal in any subject throughout the study. No subject reported discomfort as a result of using the electric toothbrush. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush, in combination with light orthodontic force, do not accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.
Introduction: Canine transmigration is a rare orthodontic condition and it is relevant to perform the proper diagnose at an early age. Objective: The aim of the current study was to find out the frequency of transmigrated mandibular canines (TRC) in orthodontic patients obtained from South Asian population of Pakistan origin. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 2,550 untreated orthodontic patients (1,248 males; 1,302 females) were included, to investigate the presence, site, and type of TRC. Any permanent mandibular canine that was found to be crossing the midline in panoramic radiographs was considered as TRC. Results: The frequency of TRC was found to be 0.98%. TRC were only found unilaterally. No significance regarding gender and side was found. Nineteen TRC displayed a type 1 transmigratory pattern, while type 2 and type 5 transmigratory patterns were encountered in three patients. Conclusion: Frequency of transmigrated mandibular canines in the studied sample was 0.98%.
Abstract:Background: Nutritional status has a strong impact on children's survival as malnutrition and diseases are linked together synergistically2. There is evidence that shows that protein-calorie malnutrition contributes to increased susceptibility to infections in children and diarrheal infections can predispose them to malnutrition3, 4. Many risk factors have been identified for malnutrition in such age groups, such as inadequate diet, restriction of certain of food during illness (i.e. complementary feeding like potato, banana etc.), high illiteracy rate and the poor feeding practices of mothers3, 4.
Karachi is the major financial hub of Pakistan. The urban sprawl generates many sub financial hubs as well e.g. Saddar which is consider as CBD of metropolitan, specifically area along I.I. Chundrigar road is almost have offices and business set-up. The similar pattern has been emerged in many other places e.g. Shahrah-e-Faisal and Tariq road. Along all three major roads mixed-used development particularly commercialization has taken place prominently and these sectors emerged as main business Centre. The present study was aimed to assess the Land-Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), green cover and air quality index analysis through object based analysis on very high-resolution satellite imagery at Shahrah-e-Faisal. The obtained results showed that the combine three activities such as Shopping, Business and Trade (SBT), Social, Institutional and Infrastructure related activities (SII), and travel or movement (ToM) were occupied on 51.34% of land. The residential activities also make an attractive volume of proportion was up to 47.11%. Therefore, it can be the perfect example of smart growth if introduction greenways initiate more effectively along with some attraction spots for Leisure.
The aim of present study was to investigate the allelopathic impact of sunflower water extract integrated with affinity herbicide on weed management and production of wheat variety TD-1 under field condition. The trial was carried out in a three replicated and the average plot size was kept at 3x5m (15 m2). The obtained data showed that the all the treatments considerably (P<0.05) minimized weed density, weed fresh weight, weed dry weight and weed control up to 90.33, 89.31, 89.61, 90.33% with application of sunflower water extract (1:10) @ 20 L ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) + Affinity 50 WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) than control treatment. The application of sunflower water extract (1:10) @ 20 L ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) + Affinity 50 WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) significantly increased number of tillers (32.34%), plant height (14.59%), spike length (27.89%), grains spike-1 (16.80%), grain weight plant-1 (47%), seed index (19.60%) and grain yield (51%) of wheat as compared with control. Overall results indicated that the sunflower water extract integrated with herbicide can be successfully used to control the narrow and broad leaves in wheat crop.
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