Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of all thyroid carcinomas and accounts for up to 90% of all thyroid malignancies. It is the most indolent form of the disease and has an excellent prognosis. On the other hand, Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare entity accounting for only about 1% to 5% of all thyroid malignancies and only 2% of extranodal lymphomas. Synchronous PTC and PTL is a very rare condition and only a few cases have been reported in the literature up till now. We report one such case in a 52-year-old lady who was referred to us with goiter and progressively increasing difficulty in breathing. Keywords: Synchronous thyroid malignancies, Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Lymphoma Continuous...
Objective: The importance and potential of the use of stem cells as therapeutic tools is enormous and therefore, health professionals should be expected to have thorough knowledge and a positive attitude towards their utilization in medical practice. Hence this study was carried out to report and assess the knowledge and attitude regarding stem cell in our region. Methodology: The study was conducted amongst the residents employed at the Aga Khan University hospital, Karachi Pakistan from September-October 2022 with a sample size of 57. Results: Amongst our survey participants, 33 (54.2%) responded with a score of 48 and above (i.e., 60% or above); 25 (40.9%) of the study participants scored between 50-60% only 3 (4.9%) had a score 40-50% Conclusion: Our survey shows a reasonable level of knowledge of the generic principles and implications Stem cell therapy amongst the residents Keywords: Stem cell, Head and Neck, Risk, Cell, Tissue, Therapy
Introduction Thyroid nodules are common globally in almost one fifth of the adult population. The gold standard treatment for thyroid nodule is thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy depending upon the diagnosis. Thyroidectomy has a few known complications but, as per the ATA consensus statement, it is a safe surgery to be done as a day care procedure. Objective To access the feasibility and safety of thyroid lobectomy as a day care surgery and its effect on decreasing overall financial burdens. Methods This retrospective chart review was done from 2006 to 2022. A total of 736 patients underwent thyroid lobectomy among which only 56 were done as day care surgery. Data analysis was done using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results A total of 40% of the population was male. The mean age of the study population was 42 years. Bethesda II was the most encountered diagnosis, with a rate of 69%. The majority of patients were discharged after 6 hours of postoperative observation. The only complication encountered was seroma, which was seen in two patients. Conclusion Thyroid lobectomy appears to be a safe procedure with a drastic difference in overall cost as a day care procedure. We recommend switching the practice of inpatient thyroid lobectomy to a day care procedure in carefully selected candidates. The major hurdle in day care lobectomy can be approval from insurance.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy of the head and neck region. It makes up to 80% of all thyroid cancers, and has a 10-year survival rate of up to 95%. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas have good prognosis after a complete surgical extirpation as long as it is not associated with invasion of the surrounding structures. The advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma can invade the neighbouring structures of the thyroid gland, such as strap muscles, recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, and carotids. Whenever papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with invasion of aerodigestive tract it is difficult to excise the tumour. We report a patient with stage IV invasive papillary thyroid carcinomas as per Shin Staging system. The surgery was deferred from several hospitals considering the advanced stage of the disease with tracheal extension making it a problematic airway for both the anaesthesiologist and the operating surgeon. ---Continue
BackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common types of cutaneous malignancies and the most frequently occurring form of cancer worldwide. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma is difficult to determine due to its wide geographic variations; however, it has been increasing worldwide with an annual increase of 7% in the number of reported cases. Although BCC is more prevalent in the aging population, diagnosis in younger individuals is steadily increasing. BCC has overall low mortality, however, it leads to significant economic and physical impact on patients and their families along with adding burden to the healthcare system. The primary risk factor for the development of BCC is increased cumulative sun exposure, particularly to UV radiation. The UV index of Karachi averages around 12 (extremely high) during summer months, putting the population at a significantly higher risk of developing BCC in the long term. ObjectivesThis audit was undertaken with the following primary objectives: to use the data collected to determine possible prognostic factors for BCC, to measure the rate of recurrence and the number of new primary tumors detected, to study the completeness of follow-up by patients, and to co-relate histopathological findings with the recurrence rate of basal cell carcinoma. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for all patients with BCC who had undergone surgical resection over a six-year time period. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, tumor size, onset-todiagnosis, anatomic location, clinical subtype, histologic differentiation, method of surgical treatment, and recurrence. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). ResultsThe review identified cases of BCC in 99 patients. Of the 99 patients, 60.39% were men and 38.38% were women. The most frequent age group was 65-85-year-olds (42 patients, 42.85%) for BCC. Based on the aesthetic units of the face, the most common location was the nasal unit (30 cases, 30.30%) for BCC. Most of the lesions were closed primarily; however; local flaps were used in the case of surgical defects. The recurrence rate was 19.19% for BCC in this study. Our study included 1.0% of patients who were classified as Clark classification level 2 of BCC, 6.1% as Clark level 3, 23.4% as Clark level 4, and 0.16% as Clark level 5. Recurrence rates were seen to increase with increasing Clark classification level in this study.
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