This study tends to evaluate the impact of globalization on human development in developing countries. The objective has been achieved by analyzing the data of six SAARC countries (Pakistan, India, Sri-Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Nepal) over 20 years from 2000-2019. Afghanistan and Maldives were removed from the study because of the unavailability of data. The multiple regression model is used for estimation, which includes many economic and demographic variables. The focused independent variables are the trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI), which are used as a proxy for globalization. Other explanatory variables are GDP growth, percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services, infant mortality ratio, maternal mortality ratio, birth rate, death rate, and dependency ratio (% of working-age population). Hausman test has indicated that the fixed effect model is appropriate for this study. The results of fixed effect estimation indicated that FDI has positive while trade openness has a negative impact on Human Development in selected South Asian countries.
Purpose This paper tries to examine whether the labor force participation of the female population affects the growth of the economy. Methodology The sampling data was collected from the World Bank’s website from 1971 to 2018. The Johansen co-integration test and VECM model were used to examine the relationship between female labor force participation and economic development. Findings The result of the Johansen and Juselius Co-integration test showed the long-term relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Economic Development. The finding also indicated that female labor force participation had a negative impact on GDP. The CUSUM stability test was used for the short-run stability adjustments. Results of the CUSUM stability test showed that the coefficients of ECM (-1) speed of adjustment were stable at a 5 percent significance level, there were no oscillations outside the critical level, and the CUSUM curve was above the origin line, which indicated the significance of our short-run dynamics. Conclusion The study concludes that female labor force participation has a significant negative impact on Pakistan’s GDP, this is due to societal and cultural norms as well as the religious dignity of women.
Purpose This study aims to explore the reasons for the existence of relative poverty in Karachi, a metropolitan city in Pakistan. Methodology A self-administered survey was conducted on 375 households in eight, major slum areas in Karachi (Orangi Town, Manghopir, New Karachi, Surjani Town, Bangali Para Gulshan, Lyari, Malir, and Korangi). Logistic regression was used for the data analysis. Findings The results confirm that secondary education for males, the uneducated males, the bread-winning members, and children having no education significantly impacts the dependent variable, i.e., total family income. Whereas, tertiary education of children, secondary education of children, tertiary education of male households, and house possession have no impact on total family income. The result of Andrews and Hosmer-Leme confirms that the model is a good fit. Conclusion The study concludes that the basic cause of relative poverty is unequal access to education, a highly dependent population, and low-earning members. Unequal access to housing facilities is another significant factor that needs to be assessed.
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