Fat infiltration in the pancreas is called pancreatic steatosis and it has several synonyms such as pancreatic lipomatosis, non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease, lipomatous pseudohypertrophy, fatty replacement, fatty pancreas and fatty infiltration. Pancreatic steatosis describes a disease ranging from infiltration of fat in the pancreas to pancreatic inflammation, and development of pancreatic fibrosis. There are multiple aetiologies of this condition, such as metabolic syndrome, alcohol intake, viral infections, toxins, congenital syndromes, etc. Pancreatic steatosis is usually diagnosed by trans-abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. Fatty infiltration in pancreas may lead to pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus and may be a predisposing cause of pancreatic cancer. Now a day, pancreatic steatosis is a common incidental finding during abdominal ultrasonography for other reasons and is a new challenge in Gastroenterology. But there is no guideline for pancreatic steatosis till now. In this review article, we are trying to give an overall idea (aetiologies, diagnosis, management, clinical significances) on pancreatic steatosis.

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is one of the differential diagnoses of chronic intractable diarrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss. This mixed-type diarrhea with protein-losing enteropathy usually involves the small intestine but gastric and colonic involvements are not rare. Small intestinal biopsy is characterized by villous atrophy of variable severity, crypt hyperplasia, and infiltration of mononuclear cell. It is usually diagnosed by presence of clinical features, circulating auto antibodies against enterocytes, presence of histological characters and executions of other causes of villous atrophy. Majority of AIE patients respond to corticosteroid therapy but patients who are not responding to steroid, treated by immunomodulators. We are trying to give an overall idea on AIE in this review article.

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications are increasing. Like other complications, most of the diabetes patients have gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms but in majority of cases GI complications are under diagnosed and not treated properly, resulting in impairment of the quality of daily life. GI system including liver and pancreas are involved in diabetes mellitus. These GI complications of diabetes mellitus need proper diagnosis and treatment to get a quality of life and clinician needs clinical suspicion to identify and proper knowledge to treat.