Direct interfacing of nanosensors onto biomaterials could impact health quality monitoring and adaptive threat detection. Graphene is capable of highly sensitive analyte detection due to its nanoscale nature. Here we show that graphene can be printed onto water-soluble silk. This in turn permits intimate biotransfer of graphene nanosensors onto biomaterials, including tooth enamel. The result is a fully biointerfaced sensing platform, which can be tuned to detect target analytes. For example, via self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides onto graphene, we show bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Incorporation of a resonant coil eliminates the need for onboard power and external connections. Combining these elements yields two-tiered interfacing of peptide-graphene nanosensors with biomaterials. In particular, we demonstrate integration onto a tooth for remote monitoring of respiration and bacteria detection in saliva. overall, this strategy of interfacing graphene nanosensors with biomaterials represents a versatile approach for ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets.

Under pressure: An increase in the ionic character in CO bonds at high pressures and temperatures is shown by the chemical/phase transformation diagram of CO2 (see picture). The presence of carbonate carbon dioxide (i‐CO2) near the Earth′s core–mantle boundary condition provides insights into both the deep carbon cycle and the transport of atmospheric CO2 to anhydrous silicates in the mantle and iron core.

Experimental studies of granular solids have shown that significant scattering effects restrict the accurate determination of material absorption in the terahertz (THz) region. The present work investigates the grain size dependent scattering contribution on the extinction spectra of Ammonium Nitrate, flour and salt between 0.2 to 1.2 THz using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The scattering contribution can be estimated by applying Mie theory for spherical grains. The approach essentially separates the independent contributions of true absorption and scattering losses and thus determines the total extinction for different grain sizes of various materials. The separation of the intrinsic material absorption from scattering losses shows that the frequency dependence in weakly absorbing materials is predominantly particle size dependent. Consequently, that range of THz frequencies cannot be used to differentiate granular solids having no intrinsic absorption.