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Introduction: Osteomyelitis is one of the inflammatory processes that spread in medullary spaces or cortical surfaces, being one of the adverse effects in cases of foreign bodies. Treatment of osteomyelitis includes antibiotic therapy, drainage and surgical interventions. Objective: The objective of this present study is to present a case report of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis, caused by the displacement of a silicone prosthesis in the chin region. Materials and methods: Case report, with information obtained through interviews with the patient, review of medical records, complementary diagnostic imaging exam and literature review. Results: Based on the information collected with the pacient, review of medical records, complementary diagnostic imaging exam and literature review, it was possible to diagnose the presence of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in the chin region due to displacement of the silicone prosthesis. Conclusion: Aesthetic procedures are increasingly common, but without planning, proper management, correct choice of materials used and good adaptation of the prostheses in the sites, they can cause serious injuries, such as osteomyelitis, bring risks and affect the individuals quality of life. Osteomyelitis treatment is usually specific to each case and depends on a correct and early diagnosis and can be performed clinically and through imaging exams, mainly cone beam computed tomography because it has more accurate images. Treatments can range from antibiotics to resection of the affected bone.

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In the present case report, a patient attended the Surgical Clinic of PUC-MG for extraction of third molars. When performing the panoramic radiography, an atypical shaping of the mandibular condyle was detected. For the correct diagnosis, a cone-beam computed tomography was requested. The axial, sagittal, and coronal tomographic sections clearly showed the structure and its position in relation to the skull. The exam showed unilateral hyperdense masses on the left, in the form of mediolaterally oriented secondary condylar heads. Although they were adjacent to the condylar head, a constriction between them was observed in the superior condylar pole region. This image analysis, associated with the absence of functional changes and symptomatology, was decisive for the diagnosis of a bifid condyle, as it allowed to exclude any pathological alteration. As its etiology is diverse, this type of anatomical variation is usually found in routine imaging exams, as in the present study. The bifid condyle can be considered a differential diagnosis of condylar hyperplasia, osteochondromas, or alterations related to temporomandibular dysfunction in two-dimensional radiographic exams.

Myodil or pantopaque is an oil-based contrast solution often used up to 1980 for myelography, cisternography, and ventilography. Oilbased contrasts have a very slow clearance time in the cerebrospinal fluids and may encapsulate for decades and remain in the central nervous system and the interior of the spine. The knowledge of the existence of this rare condition coming from other radiographictests of the past, described in this clinical case, is essential when atypical radiographic images are found.