The relationship between parenting styles and teen dating violence has become a relevant research topic in recent years, especially related to violence inflicted online. To more fully understand this relationship, the objective of the present study was to examine which parenting style (authoritarian, indulgent, authoritative, or neglectful) best protects against dating violence in adolescent relationships. A total of 1132 adolescents of both sexes participated in this study (46.4% boys and 53.6% girls), with ages between 14 and 18 years old (M = 15.6, SD = 1.3). A multivariate factorial design was applied (MANOVA, 4 × 2), using the parenting style, the parents’ gender, and the adolescents’ gender as independent variables, and the dating violence dimensions (online and offline) as dependent variables. As the results show, the lowest scores on all the dating violence dimensions examined were obtained by adolescents from indulgent families. In addition, three interaction effects were observed between the mother’s parenting style and the adolescent’s gender on online violence (e-violence and control), and the father’s parenting style on offline violence (verbal-emotional). Thus, adolescents with authoritarian mothers obtained the highest scores on violence and control inflicted online, respectively, and adolescent girls with authoritarian fathers obtained the highest scores on verbal-emotional violence. These findings suggest that the indulgent style is the parenting style that protects against violence in teen dating relationships, and they also highlight the risks of the authoritarian style as a family child-rearing model.

This study analyzes the direct relationships between classroom and family context and adolescent students’ life satisfaction (LS) and the indirect relationships between these same variables through adolescents’ academic, family, and social self-concept from a gender perspective. In the theoretical model, we assume that the quality of the parent—child relationship affects adolescents’ LS both directly and indirectly through their self-concept. We assume that the quality of the classroom climate also affects adolescents’ LS through their self-concept. The sample consisted of 2373 adolescents (49.8% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (mean (M) = 14.69, standard deviation (SD) = 1.82). A structural equation model was tested to analyse the relationship between the variables. Subsequently, multigroup analysis was performed to determine the structural invariance of the model as a function of gender. The chi square and T-student test was 71.66. Results revealed a direct positive relationship between family environment and LS. Family and classroom environment were indirectly related to LS through their relationship with academic, family, and social self-concept. The result of multigroup analysis supports the structural invariance of the model in both sexes; therefore, the expected relationships are the same for boys and girls, making the model more generalizable and applicable. The practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Resumen: El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos: (1) analizar las relaciones del clima escolar y el ajuste escolar con la victimización en adolescentes a través de sus relaciones con la reputación no-conformista y la satisfacción vital, y (2) explorar el efecto moderador del género en estas relaciones. Participaron en el estudio 1884 adolescentes españoles (52% chicos y 48% chicas) con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 11 y los 17 años (M=13.7, DT=1.4). Para analizar estas relaciones se llevó a cabo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa EQS. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el clima y el ajuste escolar se relacionan de modo directo e indirecto con la victimización escolar, a través de la satisfacción con la vida. También se ha encontrado el efecto moderador del género en la relación entre el clima escolar y la reputación no conformista. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y sus posibles implicaciones. Palabras clave: Victimización, ajuste escolar, clima escolar, reputación noconformista, satisfacción con la vida.

The effective teaching of language is an aspect of special relevance regarding the good adjustment of children in contexts such as school, family, or community. This article performs an experimental procedure to check which language teaching methodology is most effective in a sample of children. The objective was to analyze the influence of training, Condition 1 (pure tacts more intraverbal) or Condition 2 (pure tacts more impure tacts), on emergence of two tests involving impure tacts (AB-C, AB-D) and four new complex intraverbals (BC-D, BD-C) for each of two sets of stimuli (Set 1 and Set 2). The sample comprised 54 children aged between 6 and 12 years, divided into two groups of different experimental conditions. The results revealed statistically significant differences in performance on the tests of impure tacts and complex intraverbal, obtaining highly effective results in Condition 2. This teaching method using compound stimuli (impure tacts) clearly favors the expansion of language. The practical implications of this work can be more effective language teaching methodologies implemented that favor the good psychosocial adjustment of children in contexts such as family, school, or the community in general.

In this study is analyzed the relationships from social networks dependence, the school climate and online teen dating violence in adolescence taking into account gender differences. The sample consisted of 919 school-aged adolescents from Andalusia (52.4% girls), aged 15-18 years (M = 16.12; SD = 0.99), who reported having or having had a partner in the last year. Two contrast groups were established: teens who are violent and non-violent in online context with their partners. Multivariate and analyses (MANOVAs) were performed. The results showed that teens who are violent with their partners in an online environment indicated higher levels of virtual social networks dependence and lower levels in school climate (Implication, affiliation and perception of support from the teacher). Also, intergender analysis showed that there are significant differences in virtual social networks dependence and perception of support from the teacher between boys and girls. The scope of these results and their implication in the prevention of this type of violence is presented in the discussion.