Development of new methods for bladder cancer detection is required because cystoscopy is invasive, and voided urine cytology (VUC) has low sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of urinary fibronectin and mutant p53 in comparison with VUC in the detection of bladder cancer. This study included 100 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, 93 patients with benign urological disorders and 47 healthy volunteers. The urine supernatant was used for determination of fibronectin by ELISA, while urine sediment was used for cytology and detection of mutant p53 by PCR-SSCP followed by DNA sequencing. The sensitivity and specificity were 59% and 91.4% for VUC, 82% and 84.3% for fibronectin, and 37% and 100% for mutant p53; combination of the three parameters increased sensitivity to 95% but specificity was only 78.6%. A significant association was observed between disease recurrence and mutant p53, stage and lymph node involvement. Our results indicate that fibronectin had the highest sensitivity compared to VUC and mutant p53 in bladder cancer detection; however, mutant p53 had superior specificity compared to VUC and fibronectin. Mutant p53 is associated with disease recurrence and hence it has a significant prognostic role in bladder cancer.
Background
PEGylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) in combination with ribavirin is the gold standard for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The majority of patients received PEG‐IFN/ribavirin achieve a sustained viral response (SVR), but few cases failed to respond. It was evident that host genetic factors determine the treatment‐induced viral clearance as well as spontaneous response. In the current study, the rs12979860 polymorphism of IL28β gene was analyzed and its association with the virological response to PEG‐IFN treatment was determined.
Methods
One hundred and fifty Egyptian patients with HCV genotype 4 treated with PEG‐IFN/ribavirin were assessed at 12 and 24 weeks of therapy, the rs12979860 genotype was determined using TaqMan‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Although the CC genotype was the most frequent (58%), the higher SVR was achieved for patients with favorable CC genotype (93%) in contrast to CT and TT genotypes.
Conclusion
we conclude that IL28B polymorphism is highly associated with SVR to therapy in the Egyptian population infected with HCV genotype 4 and patients who carry CC genotype have a higher chance of SVR.
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