Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life. Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients. Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma.
Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant ophthalmic disorders around the world. Behavioral problems in visually impaired children considered as one of the most serious health problems. Aim: The study aimed to assess behavioral problems among visually impaired children studying at a special school for blindness and assess the association between behavioral problems scores and selected demographic variables of studied children. Methods: The research design adopted for this study was descriptive correlational design. Sample: A purposive sample composed of one hundred and one (101) parents of children with visual impairment. Setting: The children studying at El Nour School for blindness in Minia city. Tools: The data were collected using the parents' interview questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 (CBCL/4-18). Results: Withdrawn syndrome represented the highest clinical level among the studied children, followed by clinical aggressive behavior. Also, less than a fifth of them had clinical internalizing problems, and 17.8% of them had clinical externalizing problems. A highly statistically significant correlation revealed between the score of total behavior syndromes and age of studied children. Conclusion: Visually impaired children had problems in the total social competence score and all its subscales. About one-third of them had borderline and clinical problems regarding total score of behavioral syndromes. Also, internalized and externalized problems had reported. The study recommended further intervention studies are necessary, which include parents' class about behavioral problems of visually impaired children and methods to limit its effect on children life.
Fresh cut spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) can be used for preparing many types of delicious dishes or eaten raw along with green salads because of its high nutritional value. Different pre-packaging dipping treatments and local packaging materials were used to extend the shelf life of this highly perishable product. The dipping solutions for shredded spinach leaves (2 cm in width) were: water (control), ascorbic acid (0.2%) and potassium permanganate (0.02%). After dipping, drained samples were then packaged in two polypropylene (PP) pouches (12 × 20 cm) of different thickness (22, and 30 ) and in polystyrene (PS) trays over-wrapped with a clear stretch polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) film. Packaged samples were kept refrigerated at 4±0.5 C and 85±3 % R.H. for nine days. Water loss of packaged shredded spinach leaves, was minimal for samples packaged in PP-22µ and PP-30µ pouches, whereas those packaged in PS trays showed higher weight loss. The water treated samples showed the least shelf life. Other treated samples showed lower microbial counts initially and continued lower during storage. Samples treated with ascorbic acid were the best followed by those treated with potassium permanganate. Deterioration in color (yellowing) was fast notable for the water dipped samples, whereas ascorbic acid treated samples had higher panelists' scores for color during storage. Fresh cut spinach leaves packaged in PS trays showed about 9 days shelf life, compared with 6 days for those packaged in PP pouches. It is recommended to package ascorbic acid treated fresh cut spinach leaves in PS-tray covered with stretch PVdC overwrap than using PP pouches which, unless perforated, may lead to development of in-package anaerobic atmosphere.
The aim of this work was to utilize the low quality date palm (prishible soft date and seedling of dry dates) to produce date paste and date powder, respectively. Amhat; a cultivar soft variety was used at rutab stage for producing date paste, while the dry dates were used for producing date powder by applying simple technology. These two products can be easily handled, transported, and utilized. They are shelf stable so that can be available all the year round for making many food products.The date paste production percentage from Amhat cultivar was 40-42%. Chemical composition of date paste was: 24.48% moisture, 61.97% total sugars, 2.04% protein, 1.97% fibers and 1.05% ash. The estimated date powder production percentage from the dry date seedling cultivar was 50-55%. The chemical analysis showed that date powder contains: 8.9% moisture, 80.67% total sugars, 2.20% protein, 2.59% fibers and 1.46 ash. The economical evaluation of the study indicated the feasibility of investment in production of date paste, date powder and date pits powder because it had internal rate of return of 28.5 %, which exceeds the posted bank interest value. In addition, the percentage of return to costs was 4.44% and the percentage of return to investment was 19.1%. The overhead invested in the study can be regained within two years and two months.
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