Urinary aquaporin 2 appears to be a biomarker of desmopressin treatment effectiveness during therapy, while plasma copeptin levels before treatment are predictive of desmopressin response.
Renal impairment was caused by exposure to a hyperoxic environment during nephrogenesis, and the pathology of the impaired nephrogenesis in this OIR model reflects the characteristics of ROP observed in preterm infants.
Background: Few studies have addressed the growing concerns of chronic kidney diseases in children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term kidney dysfunction and determine if urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) was suitable as a novel early biomarker for kidney dysfunction in IUGR offspring. Methods: Pregnant rats underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation, and as a control group, sham surgeries were performed. results: The birth weight was reduced, the urinary AGT to creatinine ratio was significantly higher at week 20, and urinary protein levels were significantly higher at week 32 in IUGR rats than in control rats. On the other hand, the histological findings at week 32 revealed long-term kidney dysfunction, more severe glomerulosclerosis, and greater glomerular diameters in IUGR rats. Moreover, AGT mRNA expression and immunohistological staining were significantly increased in IUGR rats; this suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to renal dysfunction of IUGR offspring. conclusion: Urinary AGT elevation prior to urinary protein levels suggests that AGT is an early biomarker. At week 32, kidney dysfunction was severe in IUGR rats and intrarenal RAS appeared to be one of the causes. (1) first proposed that many adult diseases may have origins in fetal life, subsequent studies have clarified the associations between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and coronary artery disease. Luyckx and Brenner (2) applied these findings to the development of chronic kidney disease and following studies were conducted in animal models as well as human subjects. In these animal studies, IUGR was typically found to be induced by maternal food restriction (3-5); however, no applications to current IUGR rates in developed countries were made; malnutrition during pregnancy due to food restriction during pregnancy is no longer the main cause of IUGR in developed countries.Most cases of IUGR reportedly result from decreased placenta blood flow (6). A decrease in placenta blood flow by maternal bilateral uterine artery ligation was shown in an animal model; however, relatively few studies have been conducted to evaluate subsequent kidney dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has assessed the long-term effects of IUGR on kidney function. Therefore, in this study, we examined kidney dysfunction in a rat model of IUGR induced by bilateral uterine artery ligation for 32 wk after birth.On conducting this study, we also decided to identify clues to detect dormant chronic kidney disease in adults who were born with a low birth weight. Owing to developments in the field of neonatology, the survival rate of infants with a low birth weight has continued to increase (7). Although the first generation of infants from the "surfactant era" who may have chronic kidney disease pathogenesis are now reaching young adulthood, no reliable screening methods or followup procedures to mon...
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