CREB is a transcription factor that functions in glucose homeostasis, growth factor-dependent cell survival, and memory. In this study, we describe a role of CREB in human cancer. CREB overexpression is associated with increased risk of relapse and decreased event-free survival. CREB levels are elevated in blast cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. To understand the role of CREB in leukemogenesis, we studied the biological consequences of CREB overexpression in primary human leukemia cells, leukemia cell lines, and transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate that CREB promotes abnormal proliferation and survival of myeloid cells in vitro and in vivo through upregulation of specific target genes. Thus, we report that CREB is implicated in myeloid cell transformation.

Today, Wilder Penfield is much better known for his seminal explorations of the cortical basis of higher function, his contributions to epilepsy surgery, and as the founder of the Montreal Neurological Institute than for his original work with Sherrington in England or Río-Hortega and Cajal in Spain. While working with Río-Hortega, his report on oligodendroglia was critical to advancing the characterization of this important class of glial cells.

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Compared with traditional ICP monitoring, the aforementioned minimally invasive NIR techniques allow for the significantly earlier detection of cerebral edema, which may be of clinical utility in the identification and thus early treatment of cerebral edema.