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Background The etiology and pathophysiology of sarcoidosis remains unclear, with epidemiologic studies limited by its relatively low prevalence. The internet has prompted patients to seek information about medical diagnoses online; Google Trends provides access to an anonymized version of this data, which has a new role in epidemiology. We hypothesize that there is seasonal variation in the relative search interest of sarcoidosis, which would suggest seasonal variation in the incidence of sarcoidosis. Methods Google Trends was used to assess the relative search volume from 2010 to 2020 for “sarcoidosis” and “sarcoid” in 7 countries. ANOVA with multiple comparisons was performed to compare the mean relative search volume by month and by season for each country, with a p-value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results Our analysis revealed a significant seasonal variation in search popularity in 4 of the 7 countries and in the Northern Hemispheric countries combined. Direct comparison showed search terms to be more popular in spring, specifically March & April, than in the winter. Southern Hemisphere data was not statistically significant but showed a trend towards a nadir in December and a peak in September and October. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest seasonal variation with a possible peak in spring and nadir in winter. This supports the hypothesis that sarcoidosis has seasonal variation and is more commonly diagnosed in spring, but more evidence is needed to support this, as well as investigation into the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis to explain this phenomenon.

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Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been used for decades as a treatment for disseminated abdominal malignancies, including pseudomyxoma peritonei and peritoneal mesothelioma. HIPEC had been used to treat recurrent ovarian cancer only when curative options were lacking, but new data indicate that it may be suitable as a primary treatment for patients with late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, increasing the recurrence-free time interval and improving quality of life. However, treatment can be challenging because of patient trauma from surgery, combined with the toxicity and high temperature of the chemotherapeutic agents. This article reviews HIPEC and its targeted intraoperative and postoperative management.

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