Adolescent cancer survivors face psychological effects that can include isolation, poor peer relations, anxiety, depression, and fear of recurrence, which can increase their risk for psychological late effects and poor health posttreatment. The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to understand the experiences of adolescent cancer survivors, with a particular focus on identity, health promotion, and meaning making. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 adolescent cancer survivors. Constant comparative analysis was used to identify core themes from the data. Findings revealed that adolescent survivors might experience an identity paradox when making the transition to "survivor," which can contribute to their sense of isolation and risk of health-detracting behaviors. Health promotion, prevention, and supportive programs need to be developed for health care professionals to address the isolation and identity transition needs of adolescent cancer survivors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with substance use among homeless young adults. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined the influence of social networks and economic factors among a group of homeless young adults with differing levels of alcohol and drug use. In addition, for those with an alcohol use disorder the role of future time expectancies was examined. A sample (n=185) of homeless young adults aged 18-23 were recruited from a community drop-in center and interviewed utilizing self-report instruments. Findings suggest that social networks, economic factors, and future expectancies are significant predictors of the level of substance use among homeless young adults. Being able to identify those areas that place homeless young adults at risk for substance abuse and dependence has implications for effective intervention.

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Research has indicated that a high proportion of homeless emerging adults use substances. This article aims to understand the attitudes of these young adults concerning their substance use and its effect on their lives. A mixed methods study using semistructured interviews and self-report instruments was conducted with 87 emerging adults who received homeless services from a community drop-in center. Qualitative analyses found that participants reported positive attitudes of substance use; however, many recognized the benefits of a life without drugs or alcohol. Findings suggest attitudes toward substance use and the role of substance use in the lives of homeless emerging adults are viewed as a valuable means of coping with street life, connecting with peers, and managing physical and mental health symptoms.

Substance use is highly prevalent among homeless, street-involved young people. Societal estrangement is often associated with substance use, particularly among this population. The current study utilized a descriptive correlational design to identify four domains of social estrangement: disaffi liation, human capital, identifi cation with homeless culture, and psychological dysfunction. These domains were tested to determine their association with alcohol or drug dependence. Interviews utilizing self-report instruments were conducted with 185 young adults aged 18-23 years of age who were receiving homeless services from a community drop-in center. In this sample, the vast majority reported high levels of alcohol and drug use with more than half being identifi ed as dependent on alcohol and/or drugs. Polysubstance use was highly prevalent and most reported marijuana as their drug of choice. Findings indicate that identifi cation with homeless culture was the most highly predictive domain of social estrangement for both alcohol and drug dependency. Implications for services to this population are discussed.

This article reviews and synthesizes research studies on fathers of children diagnosed with cancer in order to identify the stressors resulting from their child's diagnosis. A systematic search of the literature between 1980 and 2007 generated 53 eligible studies that specifically identified issues relevant to fathers of children with cancer. Fathers experience unique stressors that may be related to gender-related roles. These stressors need specific focus and clinical attention from social workers. Review findings indicate the unique role gender plays in coping with childhood cancer, the importance of involving fathers in childhood cancer research, and in structuring psychosocial support addressing their specific concerns.

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Mental illness is the country's leading cause of disability. However, approximately 60 percent of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) are not receiving stable, ongoing treatment (Carper, 2005). One approach to combat this problem is to actively involve consumers in their treatment. Personal assistance services (PAS) assist individuals with disabilities with their daily living activities, and some, such as cash and counseling (C&C), empower individuals to make their own treatment decisions. Self-directed care programs have recently adapted from C&C programs targeting individuals with physical disabilities to models targeting individuals with SMI. The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of these programs, explore their impact on individuals with SMI, and discuss the role of social workers in this new service delivery approach.