We investigated retailer compliance with point-of-sale display legislation, using a New Zealand region as a case study. An observational survey was conducted of nonspecialist tobacco retailers in the lower North Island of New Zealand during 2006. Compliance was assessed in relation to store type (dairies, convenience stores, supermarkets, and service stations) and by characteristics of the population of the census area unit in which the store was situated. These characteristics include the level of socioeconomic deprivation and proportions of Maori (indigenous New Zealanders), Pacific Islanders, and children aged less than 19 years. Out of the 288 stores surveyed, 185 (64%) had at least one breach of the point-of-sale regulations. The most common breaches were a failure to display a "Smoking Kills" sign, visibility of tobacco from outside the premises, and displaying tobacco less than 1 m from children's products. Compliance was significantly worse in dairies (small local general stores) and convenience stores. Stores situated in areas in the top quartile for the proportion of children were much more likely to have high levels of noncompliance (> or =3 breaches) and to display tobacco products close to children's products. This study is one of very few to systematically investigate retailer compliance with point-of-sale display regulations for tobacco products. The results suggest that the implementation of legislation to partly limit retail displays of tobacco products can be difficult. A ban on retail displays of tobacco products is likely to be a more effective and enforceable policy.
In this paper, we utilize arthroscopy as the gold standard to determine if MRI can predict OCD lesion stability, the most important information to guide patient treatment decisions. To our surprise, the analysis of the existing radiology reports that addressed stability revealed an overall accuracy in defining OCD lesion stability of about 53%. The classification system of the ICRS, created by an international multidisciplinary, multi-expert consortium, did markedly improve the accuracy, but consistency among different readers was lacking. This retrospective study on OCD reporting and classification highlights the inadequacy of existing classification schemes, and emphasizes the critical need for improved diagnostic MRI protocols in musculoskeletal radiology in order to propel it toward evidence-based medicine.
The value of programme logic models as a tool for planning, evaluation, and
communication is well recognised. However, the value of its development
process is less discussed. In this paper, we describe how
we used a combination of literature review and organisational stakeholder
consultations to develop a logic model for a telehealth programme for children
in rural and remote Australia. Our aim was to use this process to further embed
the programme within its implementing organisation, and by so doing to promote
its sustainability and scale-up; a major challenge of telehealth programmes,
especially those involving reorganisation of processes. Our efforts to describe
the components of this complex intervention on the one-page logic model allowed
for debates and discussions within the implementing organisation which then
facilitated an improved cross-organisational understanding of the telehealth
programme; a real time face-to-face (video-link) service which requires the
reorganisation of existing service delivery platforms. The process helped to
embed the telehealth programme within existing services. We conclude that
stakeholder engagement in developing logic models can transform them from being
only a tool that provides the picture of why and how a programme works, to one
that plays a role in embedding programmes within implementing organisations.
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