Guy, A. L., Siciliano, S. D. and Lamb, E. G. 2015. Spiking regional vis-NIR calibration models with local samples to predict soil organic carbon in two High Arctic polar deserts using a vis-NIR probe. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 237–249. In situ visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a potential solution to the logistic constraints limiting the accuracy and spatial resolution of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates for Arctic regions. The objective of our study was to develop a calibration model based on field-condition soils for in situ applications to predict SOC in High Arctic polar desert soils from vis-NIR spectra. Soils (n=240) for calibration models were collected from three regional Canadian Arctic sites in 2010 and two local target sites in 2013. Local and regional calibration models were developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR). We assessed whether spiking or spiking and extra-weighting, regional models with calibration samples from local sites improved prediction of the local sites. The local model yielded successful prediction of target sites (R2=0.91) whereas unspiked regional models had poor prediction accuracy (R2=0.07 to 0.36; n=4). Spiking regional models with as few as 12 local samples greatly improved the SOC prediction of target sites; the best spiked models had R2 between 0.69 and 0.86. Extra-weighting spiking subsets in regional models yielded limited improvements in prediction performance. These results suggest that regional vis-NIR calibration models can be successfully used to predict SOC in High Arctic polar desert soils. The in situ application of these calibration models using field-portable instruments in remote areas, relative to traditional laboratory methods, can achieve higher sample sizes and the ability to characterize the spatial variability of SOC.
There are unusual patterns of greenhouse gas (GHG) net production in soil profiles of Arctic polar deserts. These deserts include frost boils that are symptomatic of permafrost‐associated soils. Some frost boils contain diapirs, intrusions of recently thawed, carbon‐ and water‐rich fine material pushed upward into the overlying active layer. Here we identified diapir‐associated frost boils in an Arctic polar desert that we had previously found to have highly variable patterns of GHG net production, and compared patterns of GHG net production in soil profiles between diapir and non‐diapir frost boils. In addition, we tested the repeatability of soil gas probes measurements and if estimates of diffusivity based on bulk density were accurate. Probes were installed in frost boils identified as including or not including diapirs, and measurements were conducted over several days to evaluate net GHG production.Soil gas probes deployed for longer than approximately 3 d showed loss of signal, and the injection of an inert tracer, SF6, validated our estimates of soil diffusivity based on bulk density. Diapir‐associated frost boils showed reduced soil respiration compared with non‐diapir frost boils, despite these diapir‐associated frost boils having increased soil organic matter content. Thus, diapir intrusions in frost boils of the Arctic polar desert simultaneously store greater amounts of organic C and reduce soil respiration compared with non‐diapir frost boils. Differences in soil organic matter quality and/or its interaction with soil texture may be an important control for carbon storage in Arctic soils.
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