This article presents a systematic review of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention studies. Using electronic databases and standard search methods, 19 studies met inclusion criteria for the review. These studies targeted partner violence victimization and/or perpetration, included a comparison or control group, and measured IPV behavior or outcomes involving knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or other constructs related to IPV. Fifteen of the studies used randomized designs, and 9 studies were identified that used rigorous methods (randomized designs, measurement of IPV behavior, sufficient follow-up, independent assessors). Four of the 9 studies were school-based studies conducted in middle or high schools. Only 1 of those found an unqualified positive impact on IPV behavior; another found an IPV preventive effect for boys only. Five of the 9 studies were conducted in community settings, including 2 that worked with couples, 2 that provided group-based interventions set in the community, and 1 that worked with parents to promote dating violence prevention with their teenage children. All 5 of the community-based studies reported positive impact on IPV behavior. Although there are some encouraging findings in the literature, gaps remain. No programs have been replicated, and although there would appear to be a great deal of overlap in program content, there is no analysis examining key components of program effectiveness.
There is a strong movement toward implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP) in child welfare systems. The SafeCare parenting model is one of few parent-training models that addresses child neglect, the most common form of maltreatment. Here, the authors describe initial findings from a statewide effort to implement the EBP, SafeCare®, into a state child welfare system. A total of 50 agencies participated in training, with 295 individuals entering training to implement SafeCare. Analyses were conducted to describe the trainee sample, describe initial training and implementation indicators, and to examine correlates of initial training performance and implementation indicators. The quality of SafeCare uptake during training and implementation was high with trainees performing very well on training quizzes and role-plays, and demonstrating high fidelity when implementing SafeCare in the field (performing over 90% of expected behaviors). However, the quantity of implementation was generally low, with relatively few providers (only about 25%) implementing the model following workshop training. There were no significant predictors of training or implementation performance, once corrections for multiple comparisons were applied. The Discussion focuses on challenges to large-scale system-wide implementation of EBP. Keywords dissemenation/implementation; parenting; child welfare services/child protection; neglect Many child welfare systems are moving to adopt structured, standardized, evidenced-based approaches to working with families, as evaluations of existing unstructured services have generally failed to find positive service effects (e.g., Chaffin, Bonner, & Hill, 2001;Westat, 2002). One promising evidence-based practice (EBP) being implemented in several child welfare agencies is the SafeCare® model. SafeCare is a behaviorally based parent training model that targets parents of children aged 0-5. SafeCare content focus on home safety, child health, and parent-child interactions (Lutzker & Bigelow, 2002) Method Statewide SafeCare Implementation PlanState funds were received in 2008 for training providers of family preservation services to conduct SafeCare. In this particular state, as in many others, most direct child welfare services are provided by private agencies following a child maltreatment investigation conducted by public child welfare workers. Accordingly, private providers were the most appropriate choice for SafeCare training. To build capacity for large-scale training and support, NSTRC recruited and trained a group of contracted employees to provide Safe-Care training throughout the state, with NSTRC faculty and staff providing supervision and quality control.The implementation was designed so that each agency was trained both to deliver SafeCare (termed home visitors) and to conduct ongoing coaching, consisting of regular fidelity monitoring with feedback. Coaching is a standard part of NSTRC's implementation model (Whitaker et al., 2008), and critical for implementation with fidelity...
Previous research has documented an association between adolescent community violence (CV) exposure and poor psychological functioning. The purpose of this study was to delineate the relations of adolescent CV, parent trauma exposure (PTE), and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptomatology while controlling for adolescent-reported home violence and parental self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants consisted of 101 pairs of junior high school and high school students and their parents or caretakers. Adolescents completed measures to assess their history of violence exposure in the community and home setting and current internalizing symptoms. Parents or caretakers completed a demographic questionnaire, a measure assessing their trauma exposure and related symptomatology, and a measure of child externalizing symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted; results indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, home violence exposure, and parental PTSD symptoms, PTE emerged as a moderator variable in the relationship between CV and adolescent-rated internalizing symptoms but not in the association between adolescent CV and externalizing symptoms.
Purpose The incidence of concussions in adolescents has increased in recent years. Concussion causes an array of symptoms that can interfere with the daily life of an adolescent, yet the symptoms and recovery vary greatly. Concussion management is based on expert consensus guidelines but they are not specific for adolescents and it is unclear how adolescents actually manage their symptoms. This study aimed to describe the symptom experience of adolescents with a concussion and their self‐management strategies. Design and Methods The study used a qualitative design to explore the symptom experiences of adolescents. Ten adolescents aged 14–17 years were recruited from a concussion clinic. Using a semi‐structured interview, adolescents were asked about their concussion symptoms, the interference with their daily life, and their symptom self‐management strategies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results Adolescents reported 17 different symptoms they experienced following their concussion. All of the adolescents reported a headache but descriptions varied. The symptoms interfered with many aspects of their daily life including school and activities. The majority of the school responses were related to difficulties attending school and learning (n = 21). The self‐management strategies were organized into 11 categories. The most common strategies fell under three categories: rest (n = 20), controlling the environment (n = 20), and using motivational thoughts and activities (n = 9). Practice Implications This study indicates that adolescents experience multiple symptoms after their concussion and use a variety of strategies to manage the symptoms. Each adolescent had a unique symptom experience, highlighting the need for developing personalized concussion management plans. Nurses can coordinate the development of management plans and provide education about managing concussion symptoms and promoting recovery.
Study PurposeThe purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of prevention programs for intimate partner violence (IPV). A 2011 CDC sponsored national survey indicated that lifetime prevalence rates for IPV victimization are 35% for women and 28% for men.Victims of IPV can suffer a range of negative physical, psychological, and social consequences.The annual cost of IPV victimization has been estimated at $5.8 billion. Given these data, the prevention of IPV is a strong public health priority.Primary prevention of a problem involves intervening before a problem begins. IPV begins in adolescence as teens begin to form intimate relationships. A recent school based national survey indicated that 9.8% of teens of high school youth reported being a victim of IPV.Developmentally, IPV tends to peak in early adulthood and decrease in frequency. Given this trajectory and the prevalence of IPV among school-aged youth, IPV prevention would most likely need to begin early.Interventions for IPV have traditionally focused on school-aged youth, and in fact, most have been set in school settings. Prior reviews of intervention effectiveness have failed to draw strong conclusions about the effectiveness of prevention programs because of the low number of rigorous studies.The purpose of this paper was to conduct a comprehensive review of primary prevention studies of IPV. In this review, we did not take a strict definition of primary prevention.Specifically, studies were included as primary prevention study if the intervention targeted IPV, and did not select a sample of known victims or perpetrators. Studies included may have delivered interventions universally to a population, and that population may have included some prior victims and perpetrators. Or, the studies included may have targeted high risk, or "selected" populations for intervention some of whom may have already been victims or perpetrators. Method
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