Tolerance of peach buds and fruits to frost temperaturesFrosts are not rare in the peach production region of Southern Brazil, during the months of July, August and, in some years, even in September. This period coincides with peach blooming and initial fruit development. Aiming to test possible difference among peach genotypes regarding tolerance to low temperatures, two completely randomized experiments were set up in 2009 and 2010. Two factors were tested (genotype and flower bud development stage) using three replications and 20 flower buds per plot. The genotypes included cultivars Chimarrita, Coral and BR-1 and the selection Cascata 730. In the 2010 trial, cv. Charme was added. The phenological stages tested were silver bud, pink, balloon and opened flower. Detached twigs from the genotypes to be studied were submitted during 16 hours to temperatures between -2,2 and -5,5 °C. Twigs with fruits before and after pit hardening stage were tested in another experiment. Differences among genotypes were small and seemed to be more dependent on preconditioning of the bud.Recebido para publicação em
Cultivos protegidos são alternativas diante da sazonalidade e adversidades climáticas. Estudos que avaliem diferentes ambientes de cultivo são importantes para compreender os processos adaptativos das espécies. O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar variações na radiação solar e na temperatura do ar ocasionadas pelo uso de cobertura plástica em cultivo de videira ‘Niágara rosada’. O experimento foi realizado numa propriedade familiar, por duas safras, em um ambiente com cobertura plástica impermeável e em outro ambiente sem cobertura, cultivados com videira no sistema de condução latada. Na safra 2014/15, com baixa nebulosidade, a radiação solar global média foi de 22,4 MJ m-2 dia-1, no ambiente sem cobertura, e de 14,4 MJ m-2 dia-1, no ambiente com cobertura plástica. Na safra 2015/16, com grande nebulosidade, a radiação solar global foi de 12,9 e de 8,9 MJ m-2 dia-1, nos ambientes sem e com cobertura plástica, respectivamente. As temperaturas mínimas do ar não foram afetadas pela cobertura plástica e as temperaturas médias e máximas foram maiores no ambiente coberto. Acima do dossel, as temperaturas médias do ar foram acrescidas em mais de 2,0 °C e as temperaturas máximas em mais de 8,6 °C. Palavras-chave: Microclima; plasticultura; uva de mesa; elementos meteorológicos.
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