Nocturnal sleep represents a time of the day where the consolidation of newly encoded procedural and explicit memories is facilitated. 1 However, under conditions of disturbed sleep, the consolidation of newly acquired memories during sleep appears dysfunctional. For example, a study involving young adults demonstrated that the consolidation of verbal memories was impaired when sleep in the post-learning night was fragmented. 2 Furthermore, reduced time in slow-wave sleep, a non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage, has been linked to a less pronounced consolidation of declarative information. 3 Sleep deprivation reduces success rate on declarative and procedural memory tasks, 4,5 and a small study showed that sleep-associated consolidation of procedural memories might be impaired among patients with primary insomnia. 6 Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and disturbed nocturnal sleep. A major sleep characteristic of narcolepsy is sleep-onset REM periods (SOREMPS); however, non-REM sleep is also affected. Patients with narcolepsy often spend more time in lighter and less time in deeper non-REM sleep stages. [7][8][9] Frequent nocturnal awakenings from sleep are also highly prevalent in narcolepsy. 8,10,11 Thus, narcolepsy may interfere with sleep-dependent memory consolidation. In line with this assumption, one study found that the consolidation of procedural memories across one night of sleep was less pronounced among patients with narcolepsy than healthy controls. 12 However,
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