Pellets of 17\g=a\-and 17\g=b\-oestradiol were implanted into cholesterol-fed chickens. The 17\g=a\-isomercaused an increase in body weight, accompanied by testicular atrophy, and also caused an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the aorta and in the plasma. The \g=b\-isomer, besides the above effects, also enhanced hypercholesterolaemia and prevented coronary atherosclerosis. It is concluded that these last-named actions are related to the \g=b\-orientation of the \p=m-\OHgroup at C-17 in the steroid nucleus.
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