Although fundal pressure maneuver shortens the duration of the second stage of labor among primiparous women, it should not be used except when indicated, and under strict guidelines owing to its adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
HE4 is a valuable marker for ovarian cancer diagnosis and when combined with CA125, they had a higher sensitivity at a set specificity, thus providing a more accurate predictor of ovarian cancer than either alone.
CDKN2A promoter methylation is common in ovarian cancer. Quantification of CDKN2A methylation may be useful in distinguishing malignant from benign ovarian tumors or healthy ovarian tissue.
The use of cell-free fetal DNA in prenatal noninvasive early detection of fetal RhD status and gender by real-time PCR is highly sensitive and accurate as early as the 11th week of gestation for RhD status and the 7th week of gestation for fetal sex.
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