BackgroundNeonatal sepsis (NS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. Its diagnosis depends mainly on blood culture that takes at least 48 hours to give results. Therefore, searching for biomarkers for early diagnosis is of value. We aimed to assess presepsin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1), and neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) as early diagnostic biomarkers in NS, and to compare them individually and in combination.MethodsThis hospital-based case–control study has been conducted on 60 full-term neonates recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit, Al-Zahraa Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Thirty infants with sepsis were compared to 30 postnatal age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Studied neonates were evaluated using clinical and laboratory indicators for sepsis. nCD64 was measured by flow cytometry and, serum presepsin and sTREM-1 were measured by ELISA.ResultsPresepsin, sTREM-1, and nCD64 levels were significantly elevated in septic neonates vs control group (P<0.05). The sensitivities of presepsin, sTREM, and nCD64 were 100%, 96.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. Presepsin had the best diagnostic performance in early diagnosis of NS followed by sTREM-1 and nCD64.ConclusionPresepsin and sTREM-1 are promising biomarkers in screening for NS in comparison with nCD64. However, nCD64 is better used in combination with other biomarkers as CRP.
Background Type II diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most hazardous glycating agent. Objective To assess the role of MGO in diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients and methods This is a prospective study that was conducted on 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, comprising 30 males and 30 females, with age ranged from 50 to 62 years. They were classified into two groups: group 1 included 30 patients with type II diabetes mellitus with CVD based on patients known to have ischemic heart disease, hypertension, pervious history of angina pectoris, or myocardial infraction, along with positive findings in ECG and echocardiography. It included 15 males and 15 females. Their age was between 51 and 62 years, with mean±SD of 55.9±5.5 years. Group 2 included 30 patients with type II diabetes mellitus without CVD, based on not being hypertensive, having no history of chest pain, along with normal ECG and echocardiography. It included 15 males and 15 females. Their age was between 50 and 61 years, with mean±SD of 55.5±5.2 years. Results There were highly significant increases in MGO in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with CVDs compared with patients with type II diabetes mellitus without CVDs, with P value less than 0.001. There was a positive correlation between MGO and indices of glycemic control (fasting blood sugar, 2 h postprandial, and glycated hemoglobin). There was a positive correlation between MGO and cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, BMI, diastolic dysfunction of the heart, and diabetic retinopathy, but there was a negative correlation between MGO and high-density lipoprotein and ejection fraction of the heart, which means that MGO level is increased in heart failure. Conclusion Our study proved the importance of MGO in type II diabetic CVD in humans. We need future studies to assess the role of MGO in diabetic complications.
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