Biomimicry, where flora, fauna or entire ecosystems are emulated as a basis for design, is a growing area of research in the fields of architecture and engineering. This is due to both the fact that it is an inspirational source of possible new innovation and because of the potential it offers as a way to create a more sustainable and even regenerative built environment. Nature provides a large database of adaptation strategies that can be implemented in design in general, and in the design of building envelopes in particular. The widespread and practical application of biomimicry as a design method remains however largely unrealized. Through literature review, and an examination of existing biomimetic technologies, this paper elaborates on distinct approaches to biomimetic design that have evolved. Biomimicry origins, levels and adaptation principles are discussed.It is hypothesized that applying biomimetics to architectural designs that incorporates an understanding of organisms' ecosystems' adaptive mechanisms could become a tool for creating a built environment that goes beyond simply sustaining current conditions to a restorative practice where the built environment becomes an adaptable and a vital component in the integration with and regeneration of natural ecosystems.
Traditional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) loses its optimality in high-mobility scenarios, intercarrier interference (ICI) occurs and the Doppler shifts destroy the orthogonality of the subcarriers. Many solutions are introduced by using complicated equalizers in the receiver to overcome this problem. The fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) has been suggested to improve the performance of the OFDM over doubly dispersive channels that cannot be achieved with traditional OFDM even with complex equalizers. In this paper the performance of OFDM based FrFT is studied with multiple fractional orders at different Doppler shift. Simulation results demonstrate processing improvement due to using FrFT instead of Fourier Transform (FT) in OFDM system. The same bit error rate (BER) is achieved without increasing the transmitting signal to noise ratio (SNR) and processing improvements are gained up to 3 dB for different Doppler frequencies.
Within each country worldwide, the government set their own polices and laws when developing a system of constructing a shelter based on criteria, set by their specialists in all domains such as social financial, and aesthetics aspects. Yet, there are also occupants who have different perspective and ideas concerning their own living styles. The theory of incremental building is a practical solution for the problem of providing housing for low-income families; the participation between designers and future inhabitants is highly emphasized .The proper implementation of the incremental housing technique validates the process as a successful solution to inadequate housing. In Chile, Quinta Monroy project is designed for low-income families, where houses starts with a core space over a small area that would expand progressively increasing in value overtime, to become a real investment for those families. In India, Belapur Project adopts the same technique to cater all income groups' categories. The design of the village is tailored to fulfill Indian traditions and needs. In Egypt, Ebny Betak Project, commonly translated to "Build Your House" is an incremental low-cost housing project was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development to solve housing issues for low-income families. The project generally succeeded, but faced challenges in various perspectives. The research analyzes Ebny Betak Project from all aspects to increase the efficiency of future projects.
In this paper, a novel circularly polarized, dual-frequency, slotted square patch is designed, implemented and measured. This patch is designed by applying electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures in the ground plane under the slots with probe feeding mechanism to operate at 2.25 GHz and 3 GHz. Five different schemes of periodic defects are applied to its ground plane and compared using 3D EM simulation. The one with periodic etched circles under the dual frequency slots is found to be the best. Hence, a parametric analysis is performed to obtain the optimum values of the antenna physical dimensions. It exhibits superior performance enhancement compared to the same antenna that was designed and optimized without applying EBG structure. The enhancement in its performance is noticed as higher gain, wider bandwidth, better VSWR and axial ratio, without degrading any other parameter. Measurements are in good agreement with simulations, which verifies the design procedure and strongly recommends the proposed element for telemetry, telecommand and control (TT&C) satellite antenna systems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citationsโcitations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.