Despite the link between HCV and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders has been established, the association between occult hepatitis C virus infection and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders remains obscure. The present study intended to identify the possible association between occult HCV infection and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. Newly diagnosed patients with LPDs were screened for the presence of HCV-RNA in both plasma and PBMCs. PBMCs of the subjects were also, examined by transmission and immuno-electron microscopy. LPD patients showed a high percentage of HCV infection (71.9%): OCI-HCV (37.5%) and HCV (34.38%). Meanwhile, 28.13% of LPD patients did not show any evidence of HCV infection. Ultrastructural examination of PBMCs revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic vacuoles enclosing viral like particles, which were less prominent in occult HCV patients. The possibility of occult HCV should be considered in patients with LPDs which can be helpful in the management of the treatment protocol in order to set up a balance between the control of the tumor progression and minimizing post chemotherapy complications related to HCV infection.
The treatment options for mycosis fungoides (MF) have been expanding but unfortunately many of the currently used treatment modalities are unavailable in Egypt and other African/Arab countries. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on the treatment of hypopigmented MF (HMF), which is a frequently encountered variant in our population. We aimed to develop regional treatment guidelines based on the international guidelines but modified to encompass the restricted treatment availability and our institutional experience. Special attention was also given to studies conducted on patients with skin phototype (III-IV). Treatment algorithm was formulated at Ain-Shams cutaneous lymphoma clinic through the collaboration of dermatologists, haematologists, and oncologists. Level of evidence is specified for each treatment option. For HMF, phototherapy is recommended as a first line treatment, while low-dose methotrexate is considered a second line. For early classical MF, we recommend Psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA), which is a well-tolerated treatment option in dark phenotype. Addition of either retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist and/or methotrexate is recommended as a second line. Total skin electron beam (TSEB) is considered a third-line option. For advanced stage, PUVA plus RAR agonist and/or methotrexate is recommended as first line, TSEB or monochemotherapy is considered a second line option. Polychemotherapy is regarded as a final option. All patients with complete response (CR) enter a maintenance and follow-up schedule. We suggest a practical algorithm for the treatment of MF for patients with dark phenotype living in countries with limited resources.
The intimate association between man and some of the domesticated animals creates the necessity for the study of their different parasitic and bacterial diseases, particularly of those transmissible to man. The parasitic infestation of camels has been studied by many investigators, and the endoparasites have received great consideration. Besides other helminthic infestations, larval stages such as Hydatid, Coenurus cerebralis and Cysticercus sp. have been recorded from different organs and musculature of camels.The present work describes the morphological and histological characters of the different cysticerci met with in the camel. Material and TechniqueOne thousand camels among those imported from Sudan and Waadi-halfa were examined during the last two years after being slaughtered in Cairo abattoir. Nearly all were over five years of age and their upper and lower incisors had been changed to permanent.In one carcass the heart was infested with a large number of caseated and calcified cysts. In ten other carcasses cysticerci were present, ranging from one to three in number, In eight of these cases the cysticerci were either caseated or calcified, while in the other two cases some were alive. The cysts were located in the masseter muscles, heart and liver.Some of the cysts were dissected and fixed with 7O0/o alcohol. They were pressed and stained with acetic acid alum carmine and dehydrated by passing through a series of alcohols, then mounted on slides after clearing. Others were prepared for paraffin sections: small pieces of the infected tissues were fixed in 10°/o formalin, dehydrated by passing in different grades of alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin and Kossa. Morphology of the Cysticerci M a c r o s c o p i c a 1 1 y : The freshly collected cysts were ovoid, 3.5-8.5 inm. long and 2-4.5 mm. wide, with a milky white colour. Microscopic examination of the pressed cysts revealed armed, unarmed, caseated or calcified
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