Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most well-known major obstetrics surgeries and one of the oldest operations in the area of abdominal surgery. It is used for the purpose of delivering the newborn and the placenta through the abdominal wall incision (laparotomy) as well as Uterine incision (hysterotomy), followed by suture of the uterus and abdominal wall layers. Most common maternal complications internationally, according to literature were bleeding and wound infection. Most common fetal complications according to the literature were depressed Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score, low blood pH and ICU admissions. The aim of this study is to determine the most common CS complications among all the deliveries at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah in 2017 and to estimate maternal and fetal complication rates following CS. Comparing the rate of complication between residents and non-residents physicians performing a CS was tested as a secondary outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel research in this medical center at KAMC Jeddah that will aid in quality improvement in both clinical services and training activities of residents. The maternal and fetal complication rates were assessed in a cross-sectional chart review study. In order for this method to be achieved, a secondary data collection sheet was constructed to collect all eligible patient health records. This literature review was based on estimating the rate of CS complications for the mothers and their neonates that founded approximately 7% and 6%, respectively, where the procedure was either performed electively or emergently within the period of 1 January to 31 December 2017. Also, all patients with medical and surgical conditions were included while intrauterine fetal death was excluded. The most common maternal complications documented in our population were bleeding and wound extension, while the most common fetal complications were low APGAR score and NICU admissions. No statistical significance was found in either complications in terms of the correlation between demographical factors, maternal health conditions and gravida status. As for the secondary objective, the association between operator level of training and rate of complications revealed a higher percentage rate of maternal and fetal complications among consultants, which were 6.2% and 8.2%, respectively, mainly because the number and complexity of their cases in comparison to cases held by residents and others.

No abstract

Objective: This work aimed at synthesizing tridentates asymmetrical Schiff base ligands containing sulfur atom and using them for preparing metal complexes with the iron triad metals. The prepared compounds were assayed in vitro for antimicrobial potential and in vivo molluscicidal activity. Methods: The unsymmetrical tridentate Schiff bases (SL1, SL2, and SL3) were prepared using 2-aminothiophenol as primary amine and condensed with 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, and 7-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline. These ligands were used in preparing metal complexes with iron triad metals. The synthesized Schiff base ligands and their corresponding metal complexes were characterized and their proposed structures were confirmed using different physical and spectroscopic analytical techniques. All ligands and their corresponding metal complexes were assayed against different bacterial and fungal strains using the agar disk-diffusion technique. The molluscicidal activity was performed according to the standard reported methods as cited in the literature and by observing the toxicity and lethal dose according to the WHO guidelines. Results: The synthesized ligands behave as tridentate (NOS) ligands and form mononuclear complexes with the general formula [M(SL)2] with an octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. Metal complexes were non-electrolytic in nature. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal examination results showed weak activity of the ligands, and there was enhanced activity with the complexes. The in vivo molluscicidal activity of the tested compounds showed good activity. Conclusion: The targeted compounds were prepared successfully, characterized, and showed some biological activity but lower than the standard reference drugs.

Background: Adolescence is the teenage phase; this period involves a transition and development from childhood to adulthood. Puberty in girls occurs earlier than males; females in the puberty phase experience various changes, including the menstrual cycle. Some abnormalities may occur during puberty, such as menstrual bleeding abnormalities, urogenital dysfunction, and inflammatory process, requiring consulting a gynecologist. This study was aimed to assess the awareness, attitude, and acceptance of teenage girls toward visiting the gynecological clinic. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study performed using a non-probability sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed online. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 22. Results: This study included 512 teenage females; the large majority was Saudi, 97.3%, and the mean ± SD age of all participants was 16.25 ± 1.6. The primary source of information about puberty was friends, and the most significant proportion of females, 34.2%, reported the first period at 12 years of age. There were 80.3% who knew about puberty; the knowledge of puberty among females was significantly influenced by age (p = 0.0001), education of the mothers (p = 0.01), income (p = 0.04), and source of information about puberty (p = 0.01). Only 19.5% reported visiting gynecology clinics before; each age, level of education of the mother and the father significantly affected the visiting of females (p = 0.009, 0.04, 0.02) respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed that teenage girls have good knowledge about puberty; the primary source of information was friends. The teenage girls have a positive attitude to visit the gynecologists, and they were aware of the necessity of the services provided by the gynecologist.

No abstract

Among most medical staff, Smoking is very common and, in this research, we aim To Determine awareness of smoking in medical staff, smoking differences between gender and nationality in KSA. Then we overviewed the rates of smoking in different age groups in the general population. We want also to know the connection of this awareness to smoking or quitting, which may cause future plans that provide for the shedding of light on psychological treatment and mental persuasion to help quit smoking. These study participants were Medical workers from Saudi Arabia and the results may not be applied to different sittings due to differences in facilities and work conditions. Conclusion: It is evident through the results that smoking is very common among doctors, especially men, and smoking is more common among people over 55 years of age than others. In addition to these negatives, most of the sample is aware of the negative aspects of smoking and its risks in the future, but the majority of them still smoke.

Among most medical staff, Smoking is very common and, in this research, we aim To Determine awareness of smoking in medical staff, smoking differences between gender and nationality in KSA.Then we overviewed the rates of smoking in different age groups in the general population. We want also to know the connection of this awareness to smoking or quitting, which may cause future plans that provide for the shedding of light on psychological treatment and mental persuasion to help quit smoking. This study participants were Medical workers from Saudi Arabia and the results may not be applied to different sittings due to differences in facilities and work conditions. Conclusion: It is evident through the results that smoking is very common among doctors, especially men, and smoking is more common among people over 55 years of age than others. In addition to these negatives, most of the sample is aware of the negative aspects of smoking and its risks in the future, but the majority of them still smoke.

Purpose: Screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are updated frequently to help clinicians identify infants at risk of type 1 ROP. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of three different predictive algorithms—WINROP, ROPScore, and CO-ROP—in detecting ROP in preterm infants in a developing country. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 386 preterm infants from two centers between 2015 and 2021. Neonates with gestational age ≤30 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g who underwent ROP screening were included. Results: One hundred twenty-three neonates (31.9%) developed ROP. The sensitivity to identify type 1 ROP was as follows: WINROP, 100%; ROPScore, 100%; and CO-ROP, 92.3%. The specificity was 28% for WINROP, 1.4% for ROPScore, and 19.3% for CO-ROP. CO-ROP missed two neonates with type 1 ROP. WINROP provided the best performance for type 1 ROP with an area under the curve score at 0.61. Conclusion: The sensitivity was at 100% for WINROP and ROPScore for type 1 ROP; however, specificity was quite low for both algorithms. Highly specific algorithms tailored to our population may serve as a useful adjunctive tool to detect preterm infants at risk of sight-threatening ROP.