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Resumo: O uso de fibras naturais como reforçadores para termoplásticos tem despertado interesse crescente, principalmente para termoplásticos reciclados, devido ao baixo custo, utilização de recursos naturais brasileiros disponíveis, além de contribuir para a despoluição ambiental. No presente trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e morfológicas de compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade reciclado (HDPE-r) e fibra de piaçava da Amazônia (Leopoldinia piassaba), tratada e não-tratada, em diferentes proporções (5, 10 e 15% de fibra). O trabalho tem como objetivo a obtenção de compósitos a fim de atender as exigências do mercado como materiais alternativos, visando à fabricação de placas de baixo custo para estruturas sob pequeno esforço. As fibras foram submetidas a tratamento superficial com silano de duas formas: impregnação direta (fibra-ts) e com solução metanólica (fibra-tms). Foi verificado que os compósitos HDPE-r / fibra-ts apresentaram melhor desempenho mecânico que os obtidos com fibra-tms, em função da remoção pelo metanol da fração contendo lignina, componente estrutural da fibra. O aumento da adesão fibra-matriz de HDPE reciclado em compósitos com fibra tratada, conforme observado pelas microfratografias apresentadas, pode explicar este desempenho. A estabilidade térmica dos compósitos foi pouco afetada com a incorporação da fibra tratada. Palavras-chave:Compósitos poliméricos, piaçava, polietileno de alta densidade reciclado. Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Behavior of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Reinforced with Piassava FiberAbstract: The use of natural fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics, especially for recycled thermoplastics, has generated much interest due to their low cost, possibility of environmental protection and use of locally available renewable resources. In this work we evaluate the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of composites of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE-r) with treated and untreated piassaba fibers (Leopoldinia piassaba) in different proportions (5, 10 and 15% w/w). The objective of this work is to obtain composites of HDPE-r / piassaba fiber in order to fulfill the needs of the consumer market, aiming at preparing low-cost plates for light duty jobs. Fibers were submitted to superficial treatment with silane in two different ways: direct incorporation and treatment with methanolic solution of the coupling agent. The results show that composites of HDPE with silane-treated-only fiber had better mechanical performance than methanolic solutions of silane; the increase on fiber -polymer matrix interface adhesion, as revealed from morphological analysis, can explain this higher performance. Thermal stability of the composites is not greatly affected with the addition of treated fiber.

Approximately thousand years ago it was reported the use of mandibles of ants for suture. In this sense, bioinspired components, as absorbable surgical clamps, can be designed. This study is aimed to characterize the mandible of the ant Atta laevigata in order to help the selection of candidate biomaterials for application as surgical clamps. Three pairs of mandibles were used and ten nanoindenations were performed in each pair. The average hardness for the samples in the internal and external regions were 0.36 ± 0.06 GPa and 0.19 ± 0.04 GPa, respectively and the average elastic modulus for the internal and external regions were 6.16 ± 0.23 GPa and 2.74 ± 0.44 GPa, respectively. The morphology of the mandible was observed in detail by scanning electron microscopy, as well as Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The average roughnesses on the internal and external regions, measured by atomic force microscopy, were 6.73 ± 0.90 nm and 11.87 ± 1.42 nm, respectively. From these results, it was possible to identify biomaterials that mimic the mandible behaviour for surgical clamp.

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