In this study, the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of S. elaeagnifolium flower (SEFl), fruit (SEFr), and leaf (SEFe) extracts were investigated in vitro and in silico. HPLC-DAD analysis was used to determine the chemical components. Colorimetric techniques were used to identify polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH and TAC assays. The antidiabetic activity was examined using the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Molecular docking methods were used to assess the anti-dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity. According to HPLC findings, extracts of S. elaeagnifolium flowers, leaves, and fruits are rich in salicylic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-beta-glucoside, kaempferol, and chalcone. The IC50 for flower, leaf, and fruit extracts were 132 ± 5.59 μg/mL, 43.19 ± 1.46 μg/mL, and 132 ± 5.59 μg/mL, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of SEFr, SEFe, and SEFl were determined to be 900.06 ± 4.01 μg AAE/mg, 792.10 ± 6.72 μg AAE/mg, and 681.10 ± 3.02 μg AAE/mg, respectively. Importantly, SEFe, SEFl, and SEFr displayed significant anti-α-amylase activity, with IC50 values of 79.16 ± 2.35 µg/mL, 99.16 ± 1.17 µg/mL, and 40.31 ± 2.04 µg/mL, respectively. The results also showed that SEFr, SEFe, and SEFl all exhibited potent anti-α-glucosidase activity, whose IC50 values were determined to be 20.53 ± 0.37 µg/mL (SEFr), 20.05 ± 0.12 µg/mL (SEFe), and 41.1 ± 1.55 µg/mL (SEFl). Molecular docking of S. elaeagnifolium phenolic compounds in the active site of DPP-IV revealed a strong inhibitory effect, with a glide score ranging from −2.63 to −8.10 Kcal/mol. Notably—with glide scores of −8.10, −6.23, −5.73, and −5.37 Kcal/mol—rutin, quercetin-3-O-beta-glucoside, chalcone, and naringin were the most active molecules against DPP-IV.
Background: In Morocco, Argan oil is one of the products used for antidiabetic purposes. Objective. This work aims to study the acute and subchronic effect treatment of the roasted (Roil) and unroasted (UnRoil) Argan oils on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and body weight in normal and diabetic rats, evaluate the effect of these oils on glucose absorption by the diaphragm, and determine total polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins, chlorophyll and carotenoids amounts. Methods: The investigation of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Roil and UnRoil was performed on normal and alloxane-diabetic rats, by treating orally the animals with 2 mLKg-1/day of oils for 1 day (Acute treatment) and 4 weeks (Subchronic treatment). Then, OGTT was carried out at the end of each treatment and the body weight was checked for each week. Besides, these oils (1 gL-1) were tested on glucose absorption by the diaphragm isolated from Wistar rats, in vitro. Results: This work shows that Roil and UnRoil decrease significantly the postprandial glycemia level in acute and subchronic treatments in normal and diabetic rats. Besides, the intake of these oils in diabetic rats attenuates significantly the postprandial glycemia, compared to the acute-treated group. In vitro glucose uptake by the hemidiaphragm study shows that Argan oils promote glucose consumption by the muscles. Conclusion: Argan oils showed a very important anti-hyperglycemic effect, and this effect could be explained by promoting peripheral glucose uptake. UnRoil shows a better effect than Roil towards glucose consumption which means that the roasting process influences the phytoconstituent responsible for this activity.
The aqueous extract of Lavandula stoechas (AqLs) is employed as a diabetic cure in Eastern Moroccan traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to confirm and search for the antidiabetic mechanisms of this plant. The goal of this research is to look into the in vitro antioxidant activity of L. stoechas’s aqueous extract which was analyzed by using two different techniques; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and β-carotene bleaching assay, with an IC50 = 0.031 ± 0.02 mg/mL and an IC50 = 94.33 ± 12.5 µg/ml respectively. Furthermore, the polyphenolic and flavonoid concentrations were calculated at 146.71 ± 0.53 mg GAE/mg of AqLs, and 721,21 ± 0,21 µg QE/mg of AqLs respectively. Besides, the in vitro research of glucose consumption by Peripheral glucose consumption reveals that the combination of this extract, plus insulin, enhances the activity of insulin and improves glucose utilization by the hemidiaphragm with 166.89 ± 23.56 mg/g/h. Finally, the in vitro hemoglobin glycosylation test validated L. stoechas antidiabetic efficacy with activity equal to 48.94 ± 3.67 mg/mL compared to the gallic acid. Consequently, the aqueous extract of L. stoechas was discovered to have promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties in this research, which can be considered for more biological exploration.
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