Aspergillus niger isolated from Allium sativum was used at large scale fermentation (150 mg flavone/200 ml medium) to obtain suitable amounts of the products, efficient for identification. Then spectral analysis (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and mass spectrometry were performed for the two products, which contributed to the identification process. The metabolite (1) was identified as 2'-hydroxydihydrochalcone, and the metabolite (2) was identified as 2'-hydroxyphenylmethylketone, which were more active than flavone itself. Antioxidant activities of the two isolated metabolites were tested compared with ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity of metabolite (1) was recorded 64.58% which represented 79% of the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid, and metabolite (2) was recorded 54.16% (67% of ascorbic acid activity). However, the antioxidant activity of flavone was recorded 37.50% which represented 46% of ascorbic acid activity. The transformed products of flavone have antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans, with MIC was recorded 250 µg/ml for metabolite (2) against all three organism and 500, 300, and 300 µg/ml for metabolite (1) against tested microorganisms (P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia, Fusarium moniliforme, A. flavus, Saccharomyces cerviceae, Kluveromyces lactis and C. albicans) at this order.
Background: Virtual reality technology is a remarkably effective method to distract attention from painful stimuli. It is a promising and attractive intervention to help reduce anxiety and pain of children undergoing painful procedures. Aim: to evaluate the effect of applying virtual reality glasses on reducing pain and anxiety of children undergoing chemotherapy. Method: A quasi-experimental research design was used to conduct the study at the Oncology Department of the Specialized Children's Hospital in Benha, affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt. A purposive sample of 50 children undergoing chemotherapy was included. Four tools were used for data collection: A structured interviewing questionnaire, pain rating scale, Beck anxiety inventory scale, and Physiological assessment of children. Results: The results of the study revealed that more than half (52.0%) of the children experienced severe pain before the intervention, while less than two-thirds (60.0%) of the children reported no pain after the intervention. Furthermore, less than two-thirds (60.0%) of the studied children had a high anxiety level before the virtual reality glasses intervention. However, during the intervention, less than half (46.0%) of the studied children had a low anxiety level Conclusion: Children who received the virtual reality glasses exhibited less pain and anxiety score compared to children who did not receive them Recommendations: Virtual reality should be used as a technology to reduce pain and anxiety during painful procedures of children admitted in pediatric oncology departments.
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