In this paper we investigate the dynamics of the transformative capacity of entrepreneurship education by studying the interplay between structure (society and the education system) and agency (individuals — students) that takes place in two different cultural settings: Finland and Egypt. By adopting the morphogenetic theory and by combining the etic-emic approach we compare society and the education system in these countries, and analyse Finnish and Egyptian students' views on entrepreneurship. The results indicate that structural conditioning is strong in both societies and students' views tend to follow the national policy rather than show any tendency to transform it. Thus the national policy may be an efficient tool with which to advance entrepreneurship education. The findings lead to the anticipation that while in Egypt entrepreneurship education offers opportunities for morphogenesis within and by crossing the borders of the social classes, in Finland morphostasis is more likely to take place in the future.
Guest editorial Gender, intersecting identities, and entrepreneurship research: an introduction to a special section on intersectionality We are delighted to present this special section of IJEBR. It brings together a collection of innovative research addressing gender and entrepreneurship from an intersectionality perspective. An intersectional perspective recognizes that no single identity category can satisfactorily explain how we respond to our social environment or are responded to by others. People experience multiple identities and these identities are both fluid and stable. We focus on gender as the common identity category in this special section because, while it is not always and everywhere the most important social identity, gender is the most pervasive, visible and codified (Shields, 2008). Many feminist authors follow an intersectional research approach because of their strong belief in its radical potential to change social practice and its ability to "free individuals and social groups from the normative fix of a hegemonic order" (McCall, 2005, p. 1777). In entrepreneurship, researchers may be drawn by the promise of intersectionality in enabling more complex and inclusive understandings of experience. These convictions are particularly palpable in the first two papers presented in this collection. First, in their conceptual paper, "New direction for entrepreneurship through a gender and disability lens," Williams and Patterson examine the neglected nexus of disability and gender. They bring together literature on women's entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and disability, and feminist disability to identify a number of theoretical synergies and variances in the extant work. Different ways of construing intersectionalityby different researchers and within and between disparate disciplinesoften make it difficult to ensure that the academic conversation begins from the same pointof reference (Shields, 2008). Patterson and Williams paper succeeds in bridging research across a number of disciplines and reconciles the reader with the tremendous potential of intersectionality for instigating real social change. Following this, in their article, "Intersectionality and mixed methods for social context in entrepreneurship," Dy and Agwunobi explore the conceptual possibilities of intersectionality and connect with recent calls for more contextualized entrepreneurship research throughout the field (Welter, 2011; Zahra and Wright, 2011). They propose intersectionality as a powerful interpretive frame for understanding social context, entrepreneurial activity and outcomes with a particular regard for agency and resource access. While many gender and entrepreneurship researchers have recognized the importance of studying varying social identity intersections in context, not many have yet taken up the challenge. In conventional social and behavioral research, intersectionality is frequently defined as a methodological challenge (Shields, 2008). Indeed, the suite of methodological tools available can impede the "r...
Background/Objective: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are c-kit positive immunoreactive cells which are thought to play an important role in the control of gut motility. The work aimed at studying the morphology of ICC and precisely localize their regional and transmural pattern of distribution in normal human alimentary tract. Material and Methods:The study included 102 normal human alimentary tract specimens obtained from male patients with a mean age 37.92±8.53. All sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and c-kit immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemically stained sections were submitted for a computer aided image analytical study to detect the area percent of immunoreactive cells. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: ICC could not be demonstrated in H&E stained sections. Immunohistochemically, two morphological subtypes of ICC were recognized, a spindle bipolar and stellate multipolar forms. ICC were detected in the myenteric plexus layer of the esophagus, corpus, pylorus, small intestine, colon and rectum. Intramuscular ICC could be demonstrated in the esophagus, fundus, corpus, pylorus, colon, rectum and anal canal. ICC at the deep muscular plexus were found only in the small intestine. In the pylorus, colon and rectum, ICC were also found at the submucosal border of the circular muscle layer. Conclusion:The wide distribution of ICC all over the human alimentary tract is compatible with their physiological role being important mediators of gut motility.
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