Despite the generally poor prognosis for pediatric patients admitted to the ICU after BMT, intensive care continues to play an important role in the care of these patients. Although it is clear that patients who require mechanical ventilation have a worse prognosis, we were unable to identify factors that accurately predict with 100% sensitivity which patients will not survive. Those patients requiring mechanical ventilation due to pneumonitis have a particularly poor outcome, and our findings support the limitation of intensive care in certain circumstances. Decisions regarding treatment options and limitation of care in this group of patients should be based on ongoing outcome research in this field.

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The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of in ovo injection with Nano-selenium or Nanozinc on post-hatch growth performance and physiological traits of broiler chicks under heat stress. Four hundred fertile broiler eggs from cobb500™ flock were randomly divided into four treatments (100 eggs each). First was normally without injection (control), second was injected with 15 ppm Nano-Selenium (SENPs) /egg, third treatment was injected by 15 ppm Nano-Zinc (ZnNPs)/egg and fourth treatment was injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBs) 15 ppm /egg. To study the post-hatch performance, A total number of 240 one day-old chicks were randomly distributed into 4 equal experimental treatments of 60 chicks each. Every treatment was sub-divided into three replicates (20 chicks/ each), were at lasted 5weeks. Results obtained could be summarized as follows: Nano-selenium explained higher chick's weight at hatch, chick's weight to egg weight ratio and hatchability % than all other treatments. At first week of age, the body weight (BW) in the nano-selenium treatment increased than the untreated (control) treatment, although the gastrointestinal tract weight was 0.44 % and the intestine weight was 0.8 %, this is explained by an augmentation in the length of both the length of the small intestine and the gastrointestinal tract by 12 % at 7 day of age. The highest live body weight and body weight gain and the best-feed conversion ratio were recorded with Nano-selenium than all other treatments at 35 day of age. In conclusion, under semi-arid conditions, usage the Nano-selenium are not harmful to the embryo (injected with 15 ppm) and can be used to improve the post-hatch performance of broiler under semi arid condition.

No abstract

Patients with chronic renal failure are more susceptible to infections due to acquired immunodeficiency caused by uremia. Parasitic infections are one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality in those patients, So we aimed to assess the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other protozoan infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt. The present study took place in Qena University Hospitals, Egypt. Participants were 150 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 50 healthy individuals. After questionnaire, three consecutive stool samples from each participant were examined macroscopically and microscopically by different techniques for the presence of different stages of different protozoa. 66% of CKD patients and 26% of the control group were infected with intestinal protozoa. Cryptosporidium spp. were the protozoa with the highest prevalence in cases (40%) and control (6%) with statistical significance (P \ 0.05). It was detected only in watery stool samples (P value \ 0.05). Residence, age and gender were not significant variables in the prevalence of infection among patients with CKD. In Egypt, few studies had reported the prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in chronic renal patients. Cryptosporidium infection should be suspected in all cases of prolonged watery diarrhea in CKD patients and stool samples should be examined using special stains as cold modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining for proper diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infections.

Antioxidant characteristics of ginger roots, guava leaves, guava seeds, orange peel, sesame coat, rice bran and wheat germ as affected by ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane and petroleum ether were evaluated. Petroleum ether extract of ginger roots, ethanol extracts of guava leaves, guava seeds, orange peel and sesame coat and ethyl acetate extracts of rice bran and wheat germ appeared to possess higher antioxidant activity than those from other solvents. Ginger roots, orange peel and guava leaves exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of α-tocopherol, while guava seeds, sesame coat, rice bran and wheat germ had lower antioxidant activity than that of α-tocopherol. Guava leaves extract had the highest total phenolics content among the other plant material extracts followed by ginger roots, sesame coat and orange peel extracts. However, total flavonoids content was the highest in ginger roots extract followed by guava leaves extract. Ferulic was the highest phenolic compounds in guava leaves and sesame coat extracts. However, chlorogenic acid was the highest phenolic compounds in ginger roots extract. Antioxidants in ginger roots, guava leaves and sesame coat extracts as well as α-tocopherol were heat stable with 73.1, 73.8, 66.7 and 71.6% activity, respectively, after heating at 100°C for 180 min. Induction periods of sunflower oil containing 2% guava leaves and 2% ginger roots extracts were increased by 230.6% and 226.7%, respectively. However, induction period of sunflower oil containing sesame coat was increased by 174.1%, at 0.5% concentration. Similar increment was found for the protection factor. Ginger roots, guava leaves and sesame coat might be promising sources of natural antioxidant to be used in food products

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Cattle are intermediate hosts for several species with different definitive hosts. The present study, to our knowledge, is the first to determine the prevalence of infection and morphologically and molecularly identify species in cattle in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt. The samples were collected from the heart and oesophagus muscles of 84 slaughtered cattle (76 males and 8 females) aged between 11 months and 3 years from slaughterhouses in different localities in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt. The samples were macroscopically and histologically examined, and the molecular identification of the species was performed using 18S ribosomal subunit DNA through PCR and DNA sequencing. Infection was detected in 72 out of 84 animals (85.7%) and was more prevalent in males (76.2%) than in females (9.5). Using light microscopy, the microscopic sarcocysts were observed to be thin-walled. Sequencing and genotyping revealed one isolate that had 99 and 100% identity, respectively, to, while another isolate had 95 and 99% identity to . The present study is the first to identify infection in cattle in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt both morphologically and molecularly. and species were isolated from cattle, which is of veterinary importance and indicates that morphologically similar species are genetically distinct. Additionally, the results show that species are not host-specific.