Most times, pregnancy is considered a joyous event, but it also heightens a woman’s emotional and psychological state. Globally, some women suffer mental disorders, especially in developing nations. In Nigeria, there is evidence for a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the severity and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A facility-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in the two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt city between September and October 2022 using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed using STATA 16. The proportional odds model (POM) was used, and the statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. A total of 413 respondents participated in the study, of whom 9.5%, 26.6%, and 17.3% had at least moderate depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Marital status, educational levels, and employment status were significantly associated with depression. Marital status, religion, and trimester were significantly associated with anxiety, while age, marital status, educational level, religion, income, trimester, and previous abortions/miscarriages were significantly related to stress. This study showed evidence of moderate-to-extremely severe anxiety, stress, and depression, as well as factors associated with these disorders. Our findings have implications for strengthening mental health policies as they pertain to antenatal care.
Introduction: In anthropology, certain characteristics may help to distinguish these tribes or races from others. To some extent, it can be used as a method of identification for these people. The earlobes are regarded as a significant anthropological trait on the face. Again, some civilizations use piercing decorations to stretch and enlarge the earlobes in order to create artistic effects and make room for plugs. Materials and Methods: The sample size for the study was 401, recruited via a multistage sampling method. Physical and close examination of the earlobe to determine the type of earlobe attachment present was used to collect data from consenting participants. The research instrument was a self- created; closed-ended questionnaire that was adapted for use based on previous literature on similar studies and was administered by the researcher. The data were grouped into attached or detached categories. Results and Discussions: The result of the study showed that the attached earlobe pattern was most frequent (227, 56.6%), while the detached was 174, 43.4%). The result of the study showed that the males had more attached earlobes (130; 32.4%) and detached earlobes (93; 23.2%), while the females had attached earlobes (95; 23.7%) and detached earlobes (79; 19.7%). The distribution of the earlobe attachment differed significantly (X2 = 13.213, p-value 0.004). The most common marital status was married or cohabiting with an attached earlobe (118, 29.4%) or a detached earlobe (102, 25.4%). Conclusions: The result of the study showed that the attached earlobe pattern was most frequent (227, 56.6%), while the detached was 174, 43.4%). In the general population, for every six detached earlobes seen, there are eight attached earlobes in the same Idoma population. The study has revealed that there are more attached earlobes than detached ones in the Idoma population of Benue State. It further implies that this distribution could be taken as an anthropological feature un
Introduction: There is variation in the distribution of feet pattern and this variation in could be genetic. Genetic variation in humans is caused by many factors such as natural selection, migration, temporal variation, gene flow and genetic drift. In certain populations, there is the predominant feet structure or toe pattern that is common which results from the genetic makeup of the people. The dearth of information on the distribution of Morton’s toe (Greek’s feet) among the Idoma people informed this study, which would provide a baseline data for the population. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design with a sample size of 384 participants who were recruited using a multistage sampling method. Data for the study was collected using a self-created, closed-ended questionnaire that examined the presence or absence of Morton’s toe. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Results: The most frequent socio-demographic characteristics were age category 33-47yrs with 205(53.3%), male gender with 213(55.4%), Tertiary education with 229(59.6%), Married/Co-habiting 210(54.6%), and Christianity 276(71.8%). The proportion of participants with Morton’s toe was 28.3%. In the population few persons have Morton’s toe. The only significant (p=0.038) socio-demographic characteristic among participants was marital status. Conclusion: The proportion of participants with Morton’s toe was 28.3%. In the population few persons have Morton’s toe. The only significant (p=0.038) socio-demographic characteristic among participants was marital status. Less than a third of the sampled population had Morton’s toe; in the general population, 2 in 7 persons had Morton’s toe.
Background: Solid waste management has become the greatest problem facing many semi-urban and rural communities like Elele in Nigeria, and is fast becoming a serious health concern. The study therefore was carried out to assess the strategies developed by Elele community in solid waste management and recommend proper solid waste disposal strategies. Materials and Methods: The study adopted survey research method using data collected through self-administered questionnaire which were analyzed to generate data for the study. Results and Discussions: The result from the field research showed that majority 96.19% of the respondents have heard of solid waste, and (34.83%) of the solid wastes generated in Elele community was Garbage, composed majorly of food waste which were compostable to make local manure; 29.62% refuse waste made up of papers, plastics, cans and glass were generated. The result revealed also that dumping in open spaces (69.82%) was the most prominent disposal method practiced in Elele and only 1.09% of the population practice Land fill (Burial method). There was inadequate provision of closed top compacting trucks (29.03%) to handle refuse collection with protective measure in mind. The respondent’s acknowledgement on the indiscriminate disposal of Solid waste in Elele was high (96.67%) and listed factors responsible like: lack of awareness on accepted methods of solid waste disposal (38.55%), Lack of Community Participation (16.23%), and Financial inadequacy of government (l4.78%). Conclusion: The study revealed that dumping in open spaces (69.82%) was the most prominent disposal method, while the least was land fill practice (Burial method) 1.09%. The study recommends the participation of the Local Governments in enhancing and building the capacities of local communities to identify and promote proper waste disposal and management. In addition, develop strategies that minimize waste at household and community levels through re-use like in manure, or recycling in their vicinity.
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