Introduction. Detarium microcarpum is an important fruit-bearing species in the south of Mali. The objective of this work was the morphological characterization of certain populations of D. microcarpum, which would be a necessary step for a subsequent study of the genetic structure of the species. Materials and methods. Morphological observations related to twenty-three agronomic characters, studied on twenty-five trees selected from ten populations located in southern Mali. Results and discussion. The study showed that there was a variability between the populations, which related to the characters measured on the fruit, the seed and the leaf. Three shapes of mature fruit and one shape of seed were identified. Conclusion. Results obtained do not make it possible to affirm the existence of different varieties within the species D. microcarpum. The study will thus have to be extended to the observation of other characters, and relate to the whole of the D. microcarpum distribution area in the Sahel. Mali / Detarium microcarpum / genetic polymorphism / stand characteristics Caractères morphologiques de Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. au sud du Mali. Résumé-Introduction. Detarium microcarpum est une espèce fruitière importante au sud du Mali. L'objectif du présent travail a été la caractérisation morphologique de certaines populations de D. microcarpum, qui serait un préalable nécessaire à l'étude de la structure génétique de l'espèce. Matériel et méthodes. Les observations morphologiques ont concerné vingt-trois caractères agronomiques étudiés sur 25 arbres par peuplement de dix populations réparties sur l'ensemble du sud du Mali. Résultats et discussion. L'étude a montré qu'il existait une variabilité entre les populations, qui a porté sur les caractères mesurés chez le fruit, la graine et la feuille. Trois formes de fruits à maturité et une forme de graines ont été identifiées. Conclusion. Les résultats obtenus ne permettent pas d'affirmer l'existence de variétés différentes au sein de l'espèce D. microcarpum. L'étude devra donc être élargie à l'observation d'autres caractères et porter sur l'ensemble de l'aire de répartition de l'espèce au Sahel. Mali / Detarium microcarpum / polymorphisme génétique / caractéristique du peuplement D. microcarpum au sud du Mali
BackgroundCarapa procera is a native oil tree species with multipurpose values traditionally exploited by the local population in Southern Mali. This study focused on the assessment of local knowledge about the use of Carapa procera.MethodsSemi-structured ethnobotanical questionnaires were conducted among the ethnic groups Senufo, Fulani and Bambara in two localities in the Sudanian zone in Mali. Use values among these ethnic groups and gender were evaluated.ResultsThis study showed that Carapa procera is a species with multiple uses and high use values. According to the consensus value for plant parts (CPP), the nuts constituted 57% of exploited plant parts followed by bark and leaves (12%), wood and roots (7%), mistletoes (4%) and gum (1%). The use diversity (UD) values of Carapa procera showed a high proportion of cosmetic (UD = 0.49) and therapeutic (UD = 0.36) uses. The UD for therapeutic uses was higher for ethnic groups in Ziékorodougou than in Niankorobougou. In contrast, the UD for cosmetic uses was higher for ethnic groups in Niankorobougou than in Ziékorodougou. Comparative analysis between ethnic groups revealed that the highest UD for cosmetic uses (0.63) was observed in the Bambara ethnic group, whereas the highest UD for therapeutic uses (0.39) was obtained in the Senufo ethnic group. The UD showed that cosmetic uses were higher for women than for men in both locations. Men in Ziékorodougou had the highest level of knowledge regarding plant parts used, forms of use and the specific reasons for using Carapa procera.ConclusionThis study highlighted the sociocultural importance of Carapa procera. In the light of its multipurpose uses, the promotion and enhancement of Carapa procera can provide significant socio-economic benefits to local people. In this perspective, it is necessary to implement conservation strategies and sustainable management through domestication of the species.
Morphological variability of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) in Mali.Abstract -Introduction. Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a typical agricultural landscape tree in semi-arid areas of Africa. It is a tree used daily by the local population. The diversity of its services and products suggests an assessment of its morphological variability to achieve a better understanding of its potential. This article seeks to identify morphological descriptors of baobab in relation to the agro-ecological diversity of Mali. Materials and methods. Eight provenances distributed over the whole geographical distribution area in Mali were evaluated for foliar, fruit and seed traits. The coefficient of variation was used to evaluate the variation. The data was analyzed by variance analysis and multivariate analysis. Results. Significant variability was observed according to the provenance, and the foliar, fruit and seed descriptors. The discriminating morphological descriptors for baobab in Mali are the fruit length and width, the fruit peduncle length, the leaf length and width, and the number of lobes. Mali / Adansonia digitata / fruits / leaves / site factors / production locationVariabilité morphologique du baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) au Mali.Résumé -Introduction. Le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) est un arbre caracté-ristique du paysage agricole dans les zones semi-arides d'Afrique. Il est utilisé quotidiennement par la population locale africaine. La diversité des services et des produits du baobab suggère d'effectuer une évaluation de sa variabilité morphologique afin d'avoir une meilleure connaissance de son potentiel. Notre article a cherché à identifier des descripteurs morphologiques discriminants chez le baobab en relation avec la diversité agro-écologique du Mali. Matériel et méthodes. Notre évaluation a concerné huit provenances de baobab reparties sur l'ensemble de son aire de distribution géographique au Mali. Elle a porté sur les caractères foliaires, fruitiers et sur ceux liés aux graines. Le coefficient de variation a été utilisé pour évaluer la variabilité. Les données ont été analysées par analyse de variance et analyse multi-variée. Résultats. Une importante variabilité a été observée selon les provenances et les descripteurs utilisés. Les descripteurs morphologiques discriminants pour les baobabs que nous avons échantillonnés ont été la longueur et la largeur des fruits, la longueur du pédoncule des fruits, la longueur, la largeur et le nombre de lobes des feuilles.Mali / Adansonia digitata / fruits / feuille / facteur lié au site / localisation des productions 1 Inst. Econ. Rural., BP 16, Sikasso, Mali, amadoumkouyate@yahoo.fr
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