Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome of CT-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT) of unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with unresectable CRLMs treated with CT-HDRBT between January 2008 and November 2012. Treatment was performed by CT-guided catheter placement and high-dose-rate brachytherapy with an iridium-192 source. MRI follow-up was performed after 6 weeks and then every 3 months post-intervention. The primary endpoint was local tumor control (LTC); secondary endpoints included time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). Results: 80 heavily pretreated patients with 179 metastases were available for MRI evaluation for a mean follow-up time of 16.9 months. The mean tumor diameter was 28.5?mm (range: 8???107?mm). No major complications were observed. A total of 23 (12.9?%) local tumor progressions were observed. Lesions ??4?cm in diameter showed significantly more local progression than smaller lesions (?4?cm in diameter, in which higher progression rates are expected. Key Points: ??CT-HDRBT enables a highly cytotoxic irradiation of colorectal liver metastases with simultaneous conservation of important neighboring structures (eg liver parenchyma, bile ducts and bowel) ??The local tumor control rates obtained by CT-HDRBT in patients with colorectal liver metastases are promising, also compared to the local tumor control rates after RFA ??Metastases with a diameter of 4 cm or abow, display a higher local progression rate after CT-HDRBT, therefor a combination therapy with other locoregional or systemic treatments should be investigated in prospective studies Citation Format: ??Collettini F, Lutter A, Schnapauff D et al. Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Percutaneous Ablation Using CT-Guided High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (CT-HDBRT). Fortschr R?ntgenstr 2014; 186: 606???612

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