Background:A high percentage of stroma predicts poor survival in triple-negative breast cancers but is diminished in studies of unselected cases. We determined the prognostic significance of tumour–stroma ratio (TSR) in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive male and female breast carcinomas.Methods:TSR was measured in haematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections (118 female and 62 male). Relationship of TSR (cutoff 49%) to overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) was analysed.Results:Tumours with ⩾49% stroma were associated with better survival in female (OS P=0.008, HR=0.2–0.7; RFS P=0.006, HR=0.1–0.6) and male breast cancer (OS P=0.005, HR=0.05–0.6; RFS P=0.01, HR=0.87–5.6), confirmed in multivariate analysis.Conclusions:High stromal content was related to better survival in ER-positive breast cancers across both genders, contrasting data in triple-negative breast cancer and highlighting the importance of considering ER status when interpreting the prognostic value of TSR.
A seris of coorta carcinomas (n = 49) resected from patients with known chinical outcomes were analysed for E-caderin expression using in situ hybridisation to measure mRNA. Patients surviving 5 years or longer (n = 31) exhibited significantly higher kvels of E-cadherin mRNA than those surviving less than 5 years (n = 18, P = 0.003). These peiminary reslts from this small sample suggest that E-cadherin expression may be a useful prognostic marker in colorectal cancer patients.Keywords: colorectal carcinomas; E-cadherin; prognosis Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignances in the developed world and remains a major publc health problem (King's Fund Forum, 1990). Pathological staging, using the Dukes claation, offers an accurate guide to the outcome of patients who have undergone surgicl resection (Deans et al., 1992(Deans et al., , 1993 (Frixen et al., 1991). A large number of fresh human cancers also have been analysed for E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry (Takeichi, 1993), including clinical material denved from patients with colorectal cancer (Dorudi et al., 1993;Kinsella et al., 1993;Nigam et al., 1993).Generally, these investigations have revealed an inverse relationship between E-cadherin expression and tumour grade, with poorly differentiated tumours exhibiting reduced or absent immunoreactivity (Takeichi, 1993). Although downregulation of E-cadherin has been observed in undifferentiated (Dorudi et al., 1993;Kinsella et al., 1993;Nigam et al., 1993) and advanced colorectal carcinomas (Dorudi et al., 1993), no study has yet examined the possible relationship between expression of this cell adhesion molecule and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Such a relationship, however, has been exaied in three other tumour types: bladder, head and neck and gastric cancer (Brnguier et al., 1993; Mattijsen et al., 1993;Mayer et al., 1993). Uniformly, these authors all reported that a reduced level of E-cadherin was correlated significntly with poor prognosis, but the studies all used frozen material for E-cadherin immunohistochemistry, tended not to have stage-matched material and had lmited follow-up data (of less than 5 years) (Bringuier et al., 1993; Mattijsen et al., 1993;Mayer et al., 1993).Previously we showed that in colorectal cancer there is a good correlation between the presence of E-cadherin mRNA and protein (Dorudi et al., 1993
MicroRNAs are a recently discovered class of small regulatory RNAs that influence the stability and translational efficiency of target mRNAs. They have been implicated in an increasing number of biological processes, including neoplasia. Recent studies have shown an involvement for these regulatory molecules in breast cancer. For example, miRNA profiling studies have identified microRNAs that are deregulated in breast cancer. Furthermore, functional studies have uncovered their roles in breast cancer as both tumour suppressor genes (eg miR-335) and oncogenes (eg miR-21). miRNAs deregulated in breast cancer influence the translational regulation of well-established regulatory molecules, such as oestrogen receptor-alpha, which is regulated by miR-206, and novel cancer-related molecules whose functions are not yet fully understood.. Here we present an overview of our current understanding of miRNA in breast cancer.
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