Aim of study: To study the toxic effects of a combined fungicide in Eisenia fetida earthworms and in its lipid fatty acid composition. Material and methods: We investigated the acute toxicity (LC50, 14 days) of a combined fungicide (active ingredients: carbendazim + cyproconazole) in Eisenia fetida using artificial substrate. The quantitative content of fatty acids (FAs) of body lipids was determined by the method of high-sensitivity gas chromatography. Main results: Moderate toxicity of the combined fungicide was determined for Eisenia fetida earthworms. Changes in behavioral response, biomass loss, and mortality of test objects were detected. A decrease in the content of saturated FAs was found. At the same time, an increase of long-chain polyunsaturated FAs content of ω6 and ω3 families, which are involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes, was revealed. Modulation of the lipid FAs profile in Eisenia fetida worms is explained by the participation of the FAs in the restructuring of the organism reactivity system under fungicidal load. Research highlights: The reorganization of the FA profile can be considered as an early criterion of metabolic perturbations in earthworms under the action of fungicides. Understanding the toxic potential of fungicides to organisms in soil ecosystems is essential for practical risk assessment in response to pesticide application.
Widespread use of fungicides in various spheres of human life leads to negative consequences for both humans and the environment. The article presents the results of a study of the acute effect of systemic fungicides of the chemical class triazoles on the content of macro- and microelements in kidney and liver rat tissues. The content of chemical elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The established changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the rat liver and kidney indicate tissue specificity of the fungicidal action. Under the influence of fungicide containing tebuconazole in amount of 250 g/dm3 or combined fungicide containing (tebuconazole, 125 g/dm3 + triadimefon, 100 g/dm3) the content of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) increased sugnificantly (P<0.05) in liver. This can lead to a functional load on the organ. Contrary, in kidney the studied fungicides cause the decrease (P<0.05) in the content of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cr), Zn:Cu ratio and increase in the Fe content, which may indicate the oxidative metabolic disorders in the organ, but an increase in the Ca content (P<0.05) — characterize the permeability of cell membranes. The detected changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the kidney and liver tissues may be the dysfunction and altering the effectiveness of intracellular control and effector signals.
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