Introduction: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. Methods: A time-series study was performed. Results: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. Conclusions: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge. Keywords: Syphilis. Pregnant Women. Ecological Studies. Epidemiology. 2/6 de Souza CDF et al. -Syphilis in pregnant women in Northeast BrazilFIGURE 1: Trend of syphilis detection rate among pregnant women. Northeast Brazil, 2008-2015. Legend: APC-Annual Percent Change; 95% CI-95% of Confidence Interval.

As abordagens tradicionais de ensino tendem a ser menos estimulantes e de maior dificuldade de compreensão, principalmente ao tratar-se de assuntos mais distantes da realidade dos alunos e, de certa forma, abstratos, como alguns conceitos de Microbiologia. Tal realidade reforça a importância do estudo e aplicação de novas formas de ensino no ambiente escolar. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de ações de extensão realizadas com o tema “Dia do Cientista”, nas quais os métodos utilizados foram baseados no protagonismo dos alunos, através da participação ativa em experimentos, discussões e visitações. Ao longo da execução das ações, observou-se o despertar do interesse em assuntos até então desconhecidos e distantes da realidade dos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental I (4.º e 5.º ano), que puderam reconhecer o que a Microbiologia representa no seu cotidiano, a partir da execução de atividades práticas, como: I) Detecção de microrganismos em diferentes espaços da escola, como salas de aula e dos professores, banheiros e pátio; II) “Carimbo de mãos”; III) Utilização de fermento biológico para o crescimento microbiano e IV) Visita à Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Campus Arapiraca, onde puderam conhecer laboratórios de ensino prático do tema. Dessa forma, percebeu-se que estratégias com abordagens ativas e práticas auxiliaram numa maior interação dos alunos com os temas propostos, além de aguçar a curiosidade, estimular o aprendizado e permitir maior crescimento pessoal por parte dos escolares, bem como de todos os participantes do projeto. Palavras-chave: Extensão comunitária; Ensino; Aprendizagem   Socialization of microbiology concepts in elementary school through practical activities Abstract: Traditional teaching approaches tend to be less stimulating and more difficult to understand, especially when dealing with subjects that are more distant from the reality of students and, in a way, abstract, such as some topics of microbiology. This reality reinforces the importance of studying and applying new forms of teaching in the school environment. In this sense, the objective of this article is to report the experience of extension actions carried out with the theme "Scientist's Day", in which the methods used were based on the protagonism of the students, through active participation in experiments, discussions, and visits. Throughout the actions, it was possible to notice an awakening of interest in subjects previously unknown and distant from the reality of the students at elementary school (4th and 5th), who were able to recognize what microbiology represents in their daily lives, from the execution of practical activities such as I) Detection of microorganisms in different locations of the school, such as classrooms and teachers’ room, bathrooms and courtyard; II) "Hand Stamp"; III) Use of biological yeast for microbial growth and IV) Visit to the Federal University of Alagoas - Campus Arapiraca (Arapiraca, Brazil), where they got to know the laboratories. Therefore, it was noticed that strategies with active and practical approaches made the interaction of students with the proposed themes easier, besides to whet curiosity, stimulate learning and allow greater personal growth by the schoolers, as well as all the participants of the project. Keywords: Community extension; Teaching; Learning

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe the temporal trend, clinical profile, and the prevalence of risk factors and associated comorbidities in new cases of tuberculosis in the Northeast (2001-2016). METHODS: A prevalence study involving all tuberculosis cases registered in Northeast Brasil, 2001-2016. Data were obtained from the National System of Notification of Disorders. For statistical analysis, the inflection point regression model and descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: 331,245 cases of tuberculosis were reported. The overall incidence rate decreased from 44.84/100,000 inhabitants (2001) to 30.92/100,000 inhabitants (2016), with a decreasing trend (AAPC: −2.3; p<0.001). The profile was characterized by men (73.53%), age 20-59 years (73.56%), pulmonary tuberculosis (86.37%), positive smear microscopy (54.78%). The main risk factors and comorbidities were: AIDS (4.64%), HIV (12.10%), Diabetes mellitus (5.46%), alcohol (11.63%), institutionalized, (4.31%) and deprived of liberty (2.30%). The cure rate was 70.66% and the abandonment rate was 9.11%. CONCLUSIONS: Even with a reduced incidence, tuberculosis represents a real public health problem in the Northeast region. The profile was characterized by a male population, in economically-active age, lung smear-positive pulmonary presentation, and the risk factors and comorbidities of Aids, TB/HIV co-infection, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, institutionalized and deprived of freedom reflect the complexity of the challenges in facing the disease.

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