Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
Problem statement: Electronic design automation is the usage of computer technology and software tools for designing integrated electronic system and creating electrical schematics. Approach: An approach is presented for modeling of various electronic and electric devices using object oriented design, aiming on building a library of devices (classes) which can be used for electronic design automation. Results: The presented library was implemented using Java programming language to form an Electronic Application Programmer Interface (EAPI) that can be easily utilized for electronic design automation. Conclusion: The proposed EAPI that implemented these models in JAVA language can be used for simulation of real electronic circuits and for educational purposes, as the proposed API was designed using object oriented design, adding more new classes, attributes and behaviors to current classes can be done easily
This article reports a study conducted on Saudi university students, including both males and females. The study used a 21 items questionnaire that aims to elicit students' responses regarding social security and to what extent formal education could affect their perception of cultural security. These questions are designed to check the students' perception and understanding of culture and cultural security within the Saudi context and they also aim to show how Saudi society could influence and shape many cultural and ideological concepts adopted by Saudi university students. Other questions were written in the questionnaire in order to elicit students' views on the role of informal education in enhancing their concept of cultural security, as the idea of informal education is subsumed under small categories like social, media, religious and family categories. After analyzing their views and responses to the questions of the questionnaire, it was revealed that both males and females agreed on defining culture as 'a scientific and academic knowledge' and a representation of 'social and family values' which construct the 'identity of individuals'. However, there has been a salient contrast between males and females regarding the role of culture. Females disagreed with the assumption that culture helps people 'to appreciate modern art'.
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