Using generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), we develop the Euler hydrodynamics of classical integrable field theory. Classical field GHD is based on a known formalism for Gibbs ensembles of classical fields, that resembles the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz of quantum models, which we extend to generalized Gibbs ensembles (GGEs). In general, GHD must take into account both solitonic and radiative modes of classical fields. We observe that the quasi-particle formulation of GHD remains valid for radiative modes, even though these do not display particle-like properties in their precise dynamics. We point out that because of a UV catastrophe similar to that of black body radiation, radiative modes suffer from divergences that restrict the set of finite-average observables; this set is larger for GGEs with higher conserved charges. We concentrate on the sinh-Gordon model, which only has radiative modes, and study transport in the domain-wall initial problem as well as Euler-scale correlations in GGEs. We confirm a variety of exact GHD predictions, including those coming from hydrodynamic projection theory, by comparing with Metropolis numerical evaluations.

We provide a new hydrodynamic framework to describe out-of-equilibrium integrable systems with space-time inhomogeneous interactions. Our result builds up on the recently-introduced Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHD). The method allows to analytically describe the dynamics during generic space-time-dependent smooth modulations of the interactions. As a proof of concept, we study experimentally-motivated interaction quenches in the trapped interacting Bose gas, which cannot be treated with current analytical or numerical methods. We also benchmark our results in the XXZ spin chain and in the classical Sinh-Gordon model.Introduction. -Exploring the out-of-equilibrium behavior of quantum many-body systems is nowadays among the most active research areas in physics, due to a successful synergy between theoretical and experimental advances [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].How, and in which sense, does a coarse-grained thermodynamic description emerge through dynamical evolution in isolated out-of-equilibrium many-body systems? One-dimensional systems represent an ideal playground to address this question: there, remarkably powerful tools exist, both theoretical (such as conformal field theory [18] and integrability [19,20]) and computational (such as Matrix Product States methods [21]).Integrability is ubiquitous in the low-dimensional world, with applications ranging from spin chains [19] to continuum models (having Lorentz [20] or Galilean [22,23] invariance, or neither [24]). Amazingly, many of these examples have been experimentally realized [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].Integrable models are characterized by the presence of infinitely many conserved chargesQ j , which can be used to exactly determine their thermodynamics [25]. In recent times, the importance of quasi-local charges has moreover been underlined [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].The last decade has witnessed exact results reaching out-of-equilibrium protocols as well: great attention has been devoted to the homogeneous sudden quantum quench [36] (see also Ref. [37] and reference therein). Due to the conserved quantities, the system exhibits local relaxation to a state that is not thermal [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], but rather emerges from a Quench Action [47,48] or (where applicable) a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble [49,50] which accounts for all the relevant charges.More recently, the focus has been on quenches from spatially inhomogeneous systems. A new theoretical toolbox, dubbed Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHD) [51,52] allows to address this problem. In Ref. [51,52] GHD dealt with inhomogeneous states evolving under a homogeneous Hamiltonian. Several applications have been explored , extending the initial findings to describe the entanglement spreading [79][80][81][82][83][84], including diffusive corrections [85][86][87][88] or applying it to classical field theories [89][90][91][92]. Very recently, it has been shown that GHD FIG. 1: Prototypical experimental setup that can be addressed with our method...

We derive exact analytic expressions for the n-body local correlations in the one-dimensional Bose gas with contact repulsive interactions (Lieb-Liniger model) in the thermodynamic limit. Our results are valid for arbitrary states of the model, including ground and thermal states, stationary states after a quantum quench, and nonequilibrium steady states arising in transport settings. Calculations for these states are explicitly presented and physical consequences are critically discussed. We also show that the n-body local correlations are directly related to the full counting statistics for the particle-number fluctuations in a short interval, for which we provide an explicit analytic result.

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We derive exact formulas for the expectation value of local observables in a one-dimensional gas of bosons with point-wise repulsive interactions (Lieb-Liniger model). Starting from a recently conjectured expression for the expectation value of vertex operators in the sinh-Gordon field theory, we derive explicit analytic expressions for the one-point K-body correlation functions (Ψ † ) K (Ψ) K in the Lieb-Liniger gas, for arbitrary integer K. These are valid for all excited states in the thermodynamic limit, including thermal states, generalized Gibbs ensembles and non-equilibrium steady states arising in transport settings. Our formulas display several physically interesting applications: most prominently, they allow us to compute the full counting statistics for the particle-number fluctuations in a short interval. Furthermore, combining our findings with the recently introduced generalized hydrodynamics, we are able to study multi-point correlation functions at the Eulerian scale in non-homogeneous settings. Our results complement previous studies in the literature and provide a full solution to the problem of computing one-point functions in the Lieb-Liniger model. I. INTRODUCTIONCorrelation functions encode all of the information which can be experimentally extracted from a many-body quantum system. At the same time, the problem of their computation is extremely complicated from the theoretical point of view, restricting us, in general, to rely uniquely on perturbative or purely numerical methods.An outstanding exception to this picture are integrable systems [1], characterized by the existence of an extensive number of local conservation laws, which provide an ideal theoretical laboratory to deepen our knowledge of many-body physics. This is especially true due to the possibility of obtaining exact, unambiguous predictions for several quantities of interest, allowing us, for instance, to test the validity of approximate or numerical methods which can be applied to more general cases. While integrability directly provides the tools for diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, the computation of correlation functions constitute a remarkable challenge, which has attracted a constant theoretical effort over the past fifty years [2][3][4][5]. Classical studies have in particular focused on ground-state and thermal correlations, and joint efforts have led to spectacular results, for example in the case of prototypical interacting spin models such as the well-known Heisenberg chain [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].More recently, new energy has been pumped into the study of integrable models, also due to the new experimental possibilities offered by cold-atom physics. Nearly ideal integrable systems can now be realized in cold-atom experiments both in and out equilibrium [13][14][15], elevating the relevance of existing works beyond the purely theoretical interest, and motivating further advances in the framework of non-equilibrium physics (see [16] for a collection of recent reviews on this topic).From the experimental point of vie...

In this paper we study a suitable limit of integrable QFT with the aim to identify continuous non-relativistic integrable models with local interactions. This limit amounts to sending to infinity the speed of light c but simultaneously adjusting the coupling constant g of the quantum field theories in such a way to keep finite the energies of the various excitations. The QFT considered here are Toda Field Theories and the O(N ) non-linear sigma model. In both cases the resulting non-relativistic integrable models consist only of Lieb-Liniger models, which are fully decoupled for the Toda theories while symmetrically coupled for the O(N ) model. These examples provide explicit evidence of the universality and ubiquity of the Lieb-Liniger models and, at the same time, suggest that these models may exhaust the list of possible non-relativistic integrable theories of bosonic particles with local interactions.

We consider the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of an interacting integrable system in the presence of an external dephasing noise. In the limit of large spatial correlation of the noise, we develop an exact description of the dynamics of the system based on a hydrodynamic formulation. This results in an additional term to the standard generalized hydrodynamics theory describing diffusive dynamics in the momentum space of the quasiparticles of the system, with a time-and momentum-dependent diffusion constant. Our analytical predictions are then benchmarked in the classical limit by comparison with a microscopic simulation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, showing perfect agreement. In the quantum case, our predictions agree with state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the anisotropic Heisenberg spin in the accessible regime of times and with bosonization predictions in the limit of small dephasing times and temperatures.

We extend the semiclassical picture for the spreading of entanglement and correlations to quantum quenches with several species of quasiparticles that have non-trivial pair correlations in momentum space. These pair correlations are, for example, relevant in inhomogeneous lattice models with a periodically-modulated Hamiltonian parameter. We provide explicit predictions for the spreading of the entanglement entropy in the space-time scaling limit. We also predict the time evolution of one-and two-point functions of the order parameter for quenches within the ordered phase. We test all our predictions against exact numerical results for quenches in the Ising chain with a modulated transverse field and we find perfect agreement.