Background/Objectives The present study examined whether parental perceptions of children’s pain impacted home-based pain management following outpatient surgery in a sample of Latino families from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods Latino parents of children (n = 161) who underwent outpatient surgery were recruited for this study and completed measures assessing attitudes on pain and analgesic use (Parental Pain Expression Perceptions and Medication Attitudes Questionnaire) before their child’s surgery. Parents also rated their child’s pain after their child’s surgery using the Parent Postoperative Pain Measure and collected data on the amount of analgesics they gave to their child on the first postoperative day. Hierarchical regression analyses examined whether parental attitudes predicted pain assessment and management at home. Results A majority of parents reported multiple misconceptions regarding children’s pain and fears of side effects as well as avoidance of analgesic use. For example, over 80% reported believing that a child always tells their parents when they are in pain. Hierarchical regression analyses found that more fear and avoidance regarding analgesic use for children’s pain predicted parents’ providing fewer doses of analgesic to their children on the first postoperative day (β = −0.21, p = 0.028). Conclusions Preoperative parents’ beliefs regarding analgesics for treatment of children’s pain may adversely impact parent postoperative analgesic administration at home in Latino families.

Objective: Community-based domestic violence (DV) organizations require an adapted model for demonstrating how their strategies fit evidence-based practice (EBP). In response, a national DV resource center Casa de Esperanza adapted an EBP model called the community-centered evidence-based practice (CCEBP) approach. CCEBP offers an expanded definition of EBP that prioritizes culturally relevant evidence grounded in the voices of community members. The authors use Te Invito (I Invite You), a DV prevention initiative, as an illustrative example of how CCEBP can successfully guide practitioners to collect and apply communityrelated evidence in their work. Key points: The CCEBP approach addresses the lack of a practice model consistent with the work of cultural-specific, community-based practitioners. By expanding traditional models of EBP to prioritize community expertise, it provides an alternative understanding of what is considered EBP in the field of DV. Conclusions: The CCEBP approach offers an enhanced EBP model for community-based organizations working alongside Latina/o and other cultural-specific communities. The focus on community within the CCEBP approach can protect against the indiscriminate application of practice ill-fitting to the needs of Latino/a families and other diverse groups.

Addressing cultural factors related to pain management in underserved families may instill greater confidence in managing pain.

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The World Health Organization (WHO; 2002) referred to violence as a "universal scourge that tears at the fabric of communities" (p. 1). Violence against women by intimate partners-often called domestic violence (DV), intimate partner violence, or wife battering-accounts for a major portion of the violence that occurs worldwide. The definition of DV itself has been the focus of debate and scholarship. The American Psychological Association (1996) defines domestic violence as the range of physical, sexual, and emotional maltreatment by one family member against another. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses the term intimate partner violence to refer to physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse and includes both heterosexual and same-sex couples, whether or not they engage in sexual intimacy, and defines battering as repeated abuse (Saltzman, Fanslow, McMahon, & Shelley, 1999).In this chapter, we use the term domestic violence to refer to the violence (physical, verbal, sexual, or stalking) that women-in relationship with a man or a woman-experience from their intimate partners. 1 We begin with 1 Despite its high prevalence, teen dating violence is not addressed in this chapter. This issue warrants a separate discussion because it differs in many important ways from the DV featured in adult relationships.