Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) collectively refers to diseases caused by prolonged exposure to intensive hand-transmitted vibration, which has been affecting millions of workers who use hand-held power tools. The force interacting between a hand-held power tool and the work-piece is valuable basic information in studying hand-arm vibration problems, however cannot be measured directly. An experimental method is developed to estimate this tool force by utilizing the input point impedance of the hand and measured transfer functions of the tool. The developed method is applied to calculate the tool force of a hand-held grinder and a circular saw to demonstrate and validate the method. Possible applications of the method to study hand-arm vibration or tool design are explained.
Due to the rapid growth of the population in Kuching area lately, the power consumption pattern, diversity factor, after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) and load factor become the critical issues to be studied and revised in details in order to improve the system planning and reduce the capital expenditure. To achieve this objective, method to determine the power consumption pattern for different class of consumers in Kuching area is proposed in this paper. The power consumption data for consumers were recorded using a specialized meters installed at their premises. The sampling theory is present in this paper to determine the sample size and the number of meters needed to be installed. The raw data obtained from these meters were analyzed to obtain the pattern of power consumption for different classes of consumers in Kuching to determine the load factor and diversity factor. Besides, the value of ADMD was calculated to verify the optimal amount of load to be supplied to the housing development area, resulting in better planning and leading to a more efficient usage of resources to generate electricity.
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