A core motivation for the widespread teacher evaluation reforms of the past decade was the belief that these new systems would promote teacher development through high-quality feedback. We examine this theory by studying teachers’ perceptions of evaluation feedback in Boston Public Schools and evaluating the district's efforts to improve feedback through an administrator training program. Teachers generally reported that evaluators were trustworthy, fair, and accurate but that they struggled to provide high-quality feedback. We find little evidence that the training program improved perceived feedback quality, classroom instruction, teacher self-efficacy, or student achievement. Our results illustrate the challenges of using evaluation systems as engines for professional growth when administrators lack the time and skill necessary to provide frequent, high-quality feedback.
The COVID-19 pandemic drew new attention to the role of school boards in the U.S. In this paper, we examine school districts' choices of learning modality-whether and when to offer inperson, virtual, or hybrid instruction-over the course of the 2020-21 pandemic school year. The analysis takes advantage of granular weekly data on learning mode and COVID-19 cases for Ohio school districts. We show that districts respond on the margin to health risks: all else equal, a marginal increase in new cases reduces the probability that a district offers in-person instruction the next week. Moreover, this negative response is magnified when the district was in-person the prior week and attenuates in magnitude over the school year. These findings are consistent with districts learning from experience about the effect of in-person learning on disease transmission in schools. We also find evidence that districts are influenced by the decisions of their peers.
An organization is the formation of human relations work behavior efficiently and effectively to obtain personal satisfaction in carrying out their duties and providing certain environmental conditions to achieve goals. This study aimed to determine the effect of system quality, adoption of business intelligence, and flexibility of IT infrastructure mediated by organizational agility mediated by competitive performance on online fashion retailers so that it can be used as a reference in the field of science. Quantitative techniques were used in this study. The analysis of this study is a structural approach to the Equation Model (SEM) with the help of smart PLS. The results of this study are to indicate that the adoption of business intelligence is not able to affect organizational agility, system quality affects organizational agility, IT infrastructure flexibility affects organizational agility, competitive performance affects organizational agility, system quality affects competitive performance, adoption of business intelligence affects competitive performance, IT infrastructure flexibility affects competitive performance. Competitive performance is able to mediate the effect of system quality on organizational agility and IT infrastructure flexibility on organizational agility. Competitive performance is not able to mediate the adoption of business intelligence on organizational agility. This research contributes literature for further research conducted by other researchers.
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