Many of today's critical infrastructures, including Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), are evolving with the integration of numerous connected cyber components with legacy systems. This evolution has exposed ICS to a wide range of security vulnerabilities, requiring different cybersecurity considerations. Understanding how severely cyberattacks can exploit such system vulnerabilities to disrupt or delay system operations is paramount for developing targeted and effective defenses.In this thesis, we present a four-stage impact analysis approach to observe and characterize the manifold impact of cyberattacks on ICS operations. Representative tampering and spoofing attacks demonstrated on a timed automata model of a manufacturing cell control system show how classical and statistical model checking, respectively, are effective at identifying and quantifying the severity of cyberattack impact on ICS mission objectives. Furthermore, the impact analysis results provide extensive insight into the varying impact caused by different attackers and how systems with defenses can mitigate such impacts.iii This work began with a collection of fragmented ideas on viewing system security from a different perspective, which has since evolved into something much more. The work itself, and my growth during its progress, would not be possible without the sincere and unwavering support from my supervisor Professor Jason Jaskolka. His guidance, most times as a supervisor but at times as a guardian or even an elder brother, has helped me pull through the hardest of times. I am grateful beyond words.I thank my colleagues for creating an earnest yet relaxing environment to blend in. A very special thank you goes to Joe Samuel for his overwhelmingly optimistic influence, and more importantly, for simply being a great friend.I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Mohammad T. Kawser, who, even during his unimaginably agonizing moments, guided me to explore the fundamentals of research. I thank Professor Abdur Rouf and Dr. Rifat Ahmed for being the two best teachers in my life and allowing me to clearly see where my interests and ultimate goals lie.Lastly, I convey my heartfelt gratitude to my family for supporting me with everything they had throughout my journey so far.
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