Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a rare entity secondary to severe Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), usually in the lower extremities, and associated with rapidly progressive pain and marked swelling that may compromise the perfusion of the limb. This situation may lead to venous gangrene and the limb's amputation secondary to a compartment syndrome.We present the case of a patient with a surgical history of lumbar spine surgery three months before the start of de described symptoms. She refered a clinical description of rapidly progressive edema and the appearance of cerulean colour in her left lower limb.With diagnostic aids, acute DVT was confirmed caused by extrinsic compression of the left iliofemoral axis secondary to chronic retroperitoneal hematoma.
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