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Following the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been identified

Background Sarcocephalus latifolius is used as a traditional medicine for curing many diseases in Sudan. The main objective of the current study was to determine the antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI) of S. latifolius, and to estimate its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.MethodsAntioxidant activity of the tested plant extracts was carried out by determining their ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. On the other hand, AChE inhibitory activity was determined spectrophotometrically using the Ellman’s colorimetric method. The levels of total phenols and flavonoids were determined quantitatively using spectrophotometric methods. MTT assay was consumed to assess the cytotoxic effect of the most active fractions. These fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC-MS techniques to determine thier chemical composition.ResultsHexane and chloroform fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of (0.098 ± 0.08 and 0.099 ± 0.029 mg/ml) respectively. Standard propyl gallate had the lowest IC50 value of 0.0414 ± 0.11 mg/ml. The ethanolic crude extract showed low AChEI activity with 40.2 ± 0.10%. High concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed. GCMS revealed the presence of well-known antioxidants compounds e.g. Vitamin E and caffeic acid.ConclusionThe ethanolic extract of bark of S. latifolius showed potent antioxidant effects and low AChEI activity, high phenolic and flavonoid contents and presence of pharmacologically active compounds. These findings explain its wide usages in traditional medicine.

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Blepharis linariifolia (Pers.) originates from Sudan and grows widely in Africa. The current study has been designed to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane extract of Blepharis linariifolia seeds. The extract was analyzed by GC-MS (Model GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, Shimadzu Co., Japan) which revealed the presence of 2

Sarcocephalus latifolius have been part of Sudanese ethnomedicine since long time. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits and to investigate its elemental composition. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic crude extract and solvents fractions (hexane chloroform, acetone and aqua's) were investigated by the disk diffusion method. These fractions were further screened for the presence of eight secondary metabolites using standard protocols. The XRF technique was used to evaluate the content of trace elements in the fruit sample ash. The chloroform fraction was the most active against both the targeted Gram positive and negative bacteria with (20, 19, 15 and 11 mm) against Bacillus subtilis (NCTC8236), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853). It also found to be active against the yeast Candida albicans (ATCC7596) with 15 mm. S. latifolius fruits contained different elements with potassium as the most abundant metal (40.11 ppm). All these results support the medicinal and nutritional uses of this plant.

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