Background: This study was designed to inspect the effects of integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT) and kinesiotape (KT) on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points.Methods: Sixty subjects with active trigger points (53 females and seven males) were divided haphazardly into three equal groups. Group "A" received INIT three times/week while group "B" received KT twice per week for four weeks. Group "C" (control group) didn't receive any treatment but follow instructions. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Arabic Neck disability index (ANDI) and cervical range of motion (CROM) were used to evaluate subjects at two intervals (pretreatment and post-treatment).Results: Statistical analysis shown that there was a significant change within-group of VAS, ANDI, side bending at both side pre-post treatment at groups A, B and C while (p<0.05). Between-group analysis there was no significant change in pre value of all variables as (p>0.05) while post-treatment there was a significant change in all variables as (p<0.05). Conclusion:INIT and KT are most effective methods in the management of subjects with active trigger points at upper trapezius myofascial trigger points with superiority for INIT.

Background Lifestyle modification is a newly recommended complementary treatment for dry eye (DE) disorder. Objective To investigate the effect of a 6-month high-intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIAE) (conducted 30 min, 3 times weekly) alone or combined with a caloric-restriction approach, the Mediterranean diet (MD), on DE parameters in obese hypertensive elderly. The design, settings, participants, and intervention This is a randomized controlled trial included sixty obese hypertensive elderly with DE based on university-based hospital recruitment. Elderly were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 30 elderly received HIIAE plus MD) and control group (n = 30 elderly received only HIIAE). Besides anthropometry (abdominal circumference, body weight, and body mass index) and blood pressure (measured in systole and diastole), DE parameters (tear film break-up time, DE scoring system, ocular surface disability index questionnaire, Schirmer’s test, and Oxford grading system) were evaluated. Results Significant improvements in anthropometry, blood pressure, and DE parameters were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion Aging-related DE symptoms and signs can be prevented and/or treated with HIIAE alone or combined with MD in obese hypertensive elderly with DE disorder.

Background: Despite the adherence to medications, the control of the modifiable key risk factor-intraocular pressure (IOP)-for the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in diabetics is usually difficult; hence, many glaucoma patients try other alternative therapeutic options. Objectives: This randomized controlled study investigated the short-term IOP response to the combined effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation over acupoint (Acu-TENS) and yoga ocular exercise in type 2 diabetics with POAG. Methods: Eighty diabetics with bilateral POAG, ages ≥ 50 years, IOP > 21 mmHg in both eyes, and a body mass index below 30 kg/m 2 were included in this trial. The patients were randomly assigned to group A (n = 40; this group received 20 minutes of yoga ocular exercise followed by 20 minutes of active Acu-TENS over bilateral BL 61 and BL 62 acupoints) and group B (n = 40; this group received the same protocol as group A but with a placebo Acu-TENS). The repeated measurement of IOP were recorded before, immediately after, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after the sessions. Results:The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a greater significant decline of IOP in group A than group B in both eyes at the consecutive intervals of time measurements. Conclusion:According to this short-term observation, the addition of Acu-TENS to yoga ocular exercise could reduce the high IOP in diabetic patients with POAG, but further longterm trials are needed.

Introduction. Erectile dysfunction is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2dM). This study aimed to investigate the effect of active vs. sham low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) on erectile dysfunction in T2dM men. Methods. overall, 40 married T2dM men aged 40-50 years with erectile dysfunction were assigned to the study and the control group. Besides a 12-week daily administration of a 5-mg tablet of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PdE5i) tadalafil in both groups, the control group (n = 20) received sham Li-ESWT, while the study group (n = 20) received 2 active Li-ESWT (on the penile shaft with 1800 pulses and intensity of 0.09 mJ/mm 2 ) sessions weekly for 3 consecutive weeks; then, the procedure was repeated for another 3 consecutive weeks, with a 3-week rest between the 2 procedures. Erectile dysfunction was assessed by the 5-item version of the international index of Erectile Function (iiEF-5). Baseline, 1-month follow-up, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up iiEF-5 scores were documented. Results. After 1-and 3-month follow-up, there was a significant difference between the active and sham groups in favour of the active Li-ESWT group (p-value of 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the groups at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions. Li-ESWT can increase the long-term efficacy of PdE5i in T2dM men with erectile dysfunction.

Background. electroacupuncture (eA) is one of the main alternative or complementary therapies used to treat diabetic symptoms, but the immediate hypoglycemic effect of EA at one acupoint only has not been studied in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2dm) patients.Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the immediate response of fasting blood glucose (FbG) to EA at sT36 (zusanli) versus CV12 (zhongwan) acupoints in T2dm patients. Material and methods. With a body mass index < 30 kg/m 2 , one hundred T2dm men 40-73 years of age were randomly divided into four groups: a real EA of CV12 group, placebo-controlled EA of CV12 group, real EA of sT36 group and placebo-controlled EA of sT36 group. All groups -containing 25 T2dm men -received one session of a 30-minute 2-hz EA. Pre-and post-FbG levels were evaluated for every patient within each group. Results. The only group that showed a significant reduction of FbG was the real EA of CV12 group (p < 0.05) while the placebo-controlled EA of CV12, real EA of sT36 and placebo-controlled EA of sT36 groups did not reveal any significant FbG decline (p > 0.05) in men with T2dm. Conclusions. A 30-minute 2-hz real EA of CV12 produced a highly significant decrease of FbG levels in T2dm men.