Systemic isotretinoin and antibiotic treatments in acne patients precisely caused variations in the microbial floras of several sites of the body, while isotretinoin was commonly more responsible than antibiotics. Knowing that alterations in the microbial colonization of the flora regions may preceede infectious disease and bacterial resistance, treatment options and follow-up procedures in acne vulgaris should be carefully determined to reduce the risk of destruction of the microbial flora.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation from high energy X-ray on fluoride release, surface roughness, flexural strength, and surface chemical composition of the materials. The study groups comprised five different restorative materials: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer, and Fuji IX GP. Twenty disk-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) for fluoride release and 20 bar-shaped specimens (25 x 2x 2 mm) for flexural strength were prepared from each material. Each material group was divided into two subgroups: irradiated (IR) and non-irradiated (Non-IR). The specimens from IR groups were irradiated with 1.8 Gy/day for 39 days (total IR = 70.2 Gy). The amount of fluoride released into deionized water was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and ion analyzer after 24 hours and on days 2, 3, 7, 15, 21, 28, 35, and 39 (n = 10). The flexural strength was evaluated using the three-point bending test (n = 10). After the period of measurement of fluoride release, seven specimens (n = 7) from each group were randomly selected to evaluate surface roughness using AFM and one specimen was randomly selected for the SEM and EDS analyses. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). The irradiation significantly increased fluoride release and surface roughness for Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer groups (p < 0.05). No significant change in flexural strength of the materials was observed after irradiation (p > 0.05). The ionizing radiation altered the amount of fluoride release and surface roughness of only Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer. The effect could be related to the chemical compositions of materials.

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Aim: To investigate the predictive value of convenience of rectum dosimetry with Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) dose limits, maximum rectum dose (Dmax), total rectal volume (TVrectum), rectal volume included in PTV (VrectumPTV) on Grade 2-3 acute rectal toxicity for utilization in clinical practice. Background: Numerous previous data have reported frequent acute proctitis after external-beam RT of prostate cancer. Predicting toxicity limited with dose information is inadequate in clinical practice due to comorbidities and medications used. Materials and Method: Sixty-four non-metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT were enrolled. Patients were treated to a total dose of 70-76 Gy. Rectal dose volume histograms (DVH) of all patients were evaluated retrospectively, and a QUANTEC Score between 0 and 5 was calculated for each patient. The correlation between the rectal DVH data, QUANTEC score, TVrectum, VrectumPTV, rectum Dmax and Grade 2-3 rectal toxicity was investigated. Results: In the whole group grade 1, 2 and 3 acute rectal toxicities were 25%, 18.8% and 3.1%, respectively. In the DVH data, rectum doses of all patients were under RTOG dose limits. Statistically significant correlation was found between grade 2-3 rectal toxicity and TVrectum (p = 0,043); however. It was not correlated with QUANTEC score, VrectumPTV and Dmax. Conclusion: Our results were not able to show any significant correlation between increasing convenience with QUANTEC limits and lower rectal toxicity. Conclusively, new dosimetric definitions are warranted to predict acute rectal toxicity more accurately in prostate cancer patients during IMRT treatment.

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