Adjectives such as homeless, beggar, and forlorn describe the geda. Geda, which is one of the most frequently referenced character types in Divan literature, also holds a large place in Navā'ī's four divans written in Chagatai Turkish. It is also important because it is one of the main characters of the divan poetry tradition and many divan poets including Navā'ī defines themselves as a geda. In this study, the geda, only one of the 150-odd social types identified in our doctoral dissertation study, is discussed. While revealing how the geda is referred to in the poems it is also aimed to present the sociological frame which is applied to all the social types in the dissertation study. After the data obtained by scanning all the poems in divans of Navā'ī are examined, many issues can be detected such as who the geda is, his daily life, his look, etc. In addition to these issues, some deeper sociological points such as why a person becomes a geda, how society looks at him, the place of the geda in social stratification, and his relation to other social types can be determined clearly. It is seen that the poet draws a geda profile, sometimes indirectly through similes, contrasts, or metaphors, sometimes by directly depicting it. This process is called "characterization" in literature and "categorization" in sociology. Studying poems with a sociological framework not only contribute to a better understanding of the usage of characterization in literature it also helps us to understand how and to what extent literature is related to social life. The similarities between the concepts of "type character" of literature and "social type" of sociology will be shown practically; The functionality of preparing a "thematic glossary" in the process of determining the characters or social types from a literary work will be demonstrated.
Risâletü'n-Nushiyye is one of the first masnavis of Anatolian divan literature. The work, consisting of 600 couplets, was written in 1307. Risâletü'n-Nushiyye is considered more as an example of admonition genre by academic researchers, and its didactic and moral aspects are highlighted. It will be explained how the poet perceives the space and through which expression techniques he gives this perception. The poet establishes a broad analogy relationship between space and human. Understanding this metaphor of space, which is used in most of the work, will both contribute to the revealing of the poet's perception of space and provide a better understanding of the work. In the text, the words house, province, city, land, property, world, earth and universe are mentioned in relation to the place. The poet describes a city surrounded by walls and ruled by a sultan. This city is presented as a place that is shaped towards negative or positive, influenced by individual or collective behaviors. The poet has a perspective that prioritizes metaphysical space versus physical space. There are many branches of science that examine space theoretically. Adding the space perception of a sufi poet to the literature created by these scientific approaches will make a significant contribution to the researches in this field..
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