Natural zeolite was modified by four different techniques namely using Tween80, β‐cyclodextrine and olive mill waste water at RT and hydrochloric acid at 110°C, and then modified zeolites were used as adsorbent materials in six consecutive days dough frying with refined hazelnut oil. Some parameters in the oil samples of control and experimental groups were measured and the ranges were determined as following; total polar materials (TPM)‐chromatography (4.09–70.22%), free acidity (0.16–1.19%), smoke point (221.50–184.00°C), conjugated dienoic acids (0.36–2.19%), L value (35.65–52.15), a* value (−0.18–5.98), b* value (−3.73–10.40), turbidity (0.70–10.40 NTU), viscosity (67.67–825.50 cP), and oil absorbed by the dough (5.10–8.85%). The results of this study have shown that both natural zeolite and modified zeolites have different level of activities as frying oil adsorbent materials. The best results were achieved with Tween80 modified zeolite for the TPMs, free acidity, instrumental color values, smoke point, and conjugated dienoic acid measurements. Similarly better result for turbidity was with olive mill waste water modified zeolite and for viscosity was with hydrochloric acid modified zeolite. It was determined that adsorbent treatment did not affect fat absorption level of fried dough.Practical applications: The results of this study have shown that natural zeolite modification with different techniques can improve its adsorption capacity significantly. In this respect, utilization of modified zeolite for frying oil recovery applications can be an industrially sound practice since natural zeolite is a very cheap and easily found material.

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Bu çalışmada; Seydiler Bölgesi (İscehisar, Afyonkarahisar) diyatomit ocağına ait diyatomit kullanılarak üretilen kalsine ve flaks kalsine diyatomitin mineralojik, jeokimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri ile diyatomit örneklerinin bitkisel yağların ağartılması işlemindeki performansı incelenmiştir. X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) incelemelerinde doğal diyatomitin büyük oranda amorf silisten meydana geldiği, düşük oranda opal-CT/kristobalit, tridimit ve kuvars minerallerini içerdiği, diğer taraftan ağartma toprağının çoğunlukla simektit mineralinden oluştuğu ve az oranda ise illit, kuvars, feldispat ve dolomit minerallerini ihtiva ettiği belirlenmiştir. Diyatomitin ekonomik olarak kullanımındaki en önemli faktörlerden birisi olan SiO2 içeriği % 89,132 olarak belirlenmiş olup, bu değer ticari olarak kullanım için arzu edilen oranın üzerindedir. Diyatomitlerin yağ ağartma performansları ayçiçek ve kanola yağlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayçiçek yağında, kontrol grubu değerlerine (L* 77.09; a*-6.21; b*43.23) parlaklık, kırmızı renk ve sarı renk yönünden en çok yaklaşan diyatomit çeşitlerinin; parlaklık yönünden doğal diatomit (15 dk; L* 73.39), kırmızı renk bakımından kalsine diatomit (15 dk; a*-6.29) ve sarı renk bakımından ise flaks kalsine diyatomit'in (30 dk; b*35.64) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kanola yağında da farklı değerler belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda; uygulanan renk açma prosesi sürelerine göre bu diyatomit türlerinin, renk açma düzeylerinin değişebileceği ve gıda teknolojisinde yaygın kullanılan ticari ağartma toprağına yakın değerlerin elde edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Bayatçık geothermal field is located 7 km northwest of the Afyonkarahisar. The aim of this study is to determine the borehole geology and hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of Bayatçik-1 well, was drilled in 2013. The well is 925 meters deep. The types of rock that were encountered in this well were alluvium, volcanic and sedimentary sections of the Köprülü volcanosedimanter sequence, basal conglomerate, marble and schist sections. The cover rocks of the geothermal system consisting of volcanic and sedimentary rocks were drilled in the first 528m. Basal conglomerate was observed in 528-558 m level. Marble unit (Mrb1), which is the reservoir rock of the geothermal system at depths of 558-574 m, micaschist (Sch1) between 574-622 m, marble-2 between 622-746 m (Mrb2), micaschist-2 (Sch2) between 746-830 m, marble-3 between 830-890 m (Mrb3) and finally at depths of 890-920 m is a schist unit which acts as the impermeable basement rock of the system. The analyzes such as stereo and polarizing light microscope, x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to the clastic samples taken at 2m intervals from Bayatçik-1 well. The result of the study is aimed to reveal the development of the geothermal system in the Bayatcık region by the differences in the hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of the samples. In the study, mineralogical-petrographical data were obtained with the presence of smectite, illite and kaolinite minerals formed at a temperature lower than 200 o C.

Аннотация. Данная статья содержит анализ научных исследований, опубликованных за рубежом (Европа и США) под авторством русских эмигран- тов, бывших «белыми» офицерами, и зарубежными учеными о законодатель- стве «белых» правительств в сфере экономики и социальных отношений. Annotation. This article contains an analysis of scientific research published abroad (Europe and the USA) by Russian emigrants, former "white" officers, and foreign scientists on the legislation of "white" governments in the field of economy and social relations.