The effects of in ovo administration of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on broiler performance, intestinal health, and immunity were investigated. At day 18 of incubation, fertile eggs were divided into negative (no injection) and positive (physiologic serum injection) controls and three HMB treatment groups. HMB solution was injected at 0.1% (Group 1), 0.2% (Group 2), and 0.3% (Group 3) concentrations. There were no significant differences between the groups for live weight gain, feed conversion rate, and hot carcass, breast meat, liver, and heart weight. However, the gizzard weight in Group 1 was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Although the intestinal villi lengths in the treatment Groups 1 and 3 on day 20 were greater than those in the control groups (P < 0.01), at the end of the experiment there were no significant differences among the groups. For antibody levels, the differences between groups on days 4 and 42 were highly significant (P < 0.01), and the antibody levels in Group 2 were higher than those in the other groups. Separately, growth performance and antibody levels were positively correlated with the length of villi in Group 2 (HMB 0.2%).
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) isolates by antibiotyping, sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of whole cell proteins, random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was aimed in this study. For this aim, thirty-six A. sobria isolates were analysed. Isolates were divided into 12 different antibiotypes and 4 proteotypes according to their antibiotic susceptibilities and SDS-PAGE patterns, respectively. Thirteen RAPD types were observed among all isolates. In conclusion, the use of double or triple combination of typing methods in this study was found to be more useful for discriminating the strains. The results obtained from this study may give information about phenotypic and genotypic variability of the A. sobria strains isolated from different regions of Turkey and can be helpful to control disease in fish through guiding the antibiotic therapy and giving information that will be useful to development vaccine.
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