Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis, a new pathotype effective against larvae of Coleoptera
In 1982 a new strain of Bacillus thuringiensis belonging to a new pathotype “C” has been isolated in Darmstadt from Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The strain produces within each sporangium one spore and one insecticidal parasporal crystal which is of flat shape and quadrangular in outline. According to its biochemical features our strain belongs to a new subspecies: B. t. var. tenebrionis. After peroral application of spores and crystals to coleopteran larvae (for instance to the chrysomelids Agelastica alni and Leptinotarsa decemlineata) a dosage‐dependent pathological reaction was induced: feeding stop followed by a remarkable mortality caused by B. t.‐typical lesions of the larval midgut and subsequent septicemia. Heat‐inactivated preparations have no effect, UV‐inactivated ones are less effective. In contrast, larvae of Lepidoptera (Ephestia kühniella, Plutella xylostella) as well as larvae of Nematocera (Aedes aegypti) are not sensitive against spores and crystals of that new isolate.
Zusammenfassung
Es wird über einen neuen Pathotyp „C” von B. thuringiensis berichtet. Dieser wird durch den Stamm BI 256–82 repräsentiert, der 1982 in Darmstadt aus Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) isoliert wurde. Der Stamm produziert pro Sporangium eine Spore und einen insektentoxischen parasporalen Kristall von plättchenartiger Form und quadratischem Grundriß. Nach den biochemischen Eigenschaften handelt es sich hier um eine neue Subspecies: B. t. var. tenebrionis. Während Larven von Lepidopteren (Ephestia kühniella, Plutella xylostella) sowie Larven von Nematoceren (Aedes aegypti) gegenüber dem neuen Stamm unempfindlich sind, treten bei Larven von bestimmten Coleopteren (wie den Chrysomeliden Agelastica alni und Leptinotarsa decemlineata) nach der peroralen Aufnahme von Sporen und Kristallen dosisabhängig zuerst ein Fraßstopp und anschließend eine bemerkenswerte Mortalität auf. Diese wird durch B. t.‐typische Läsionen am Larvendarm und eine darauffolgende Septikämie verursacht. Autoklavierte Präparate haben keine Wirkung; UV‐inaktivierte Präparate verursachen eine geringere Wirkung im Vergleich zum nativen Präparat.
Sera from goats suffering from caprine arthritis-encephalitis contained antibodies to virus proteins of 15, 17, 28, 40, and 130 kilodaltons in immunoblots of maedi-visna virus. We propose to use immunoblotting as a validation test for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and demonstrate that the specificity of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be improved by replacing second antibody by a protein G
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